Aptamer and its applications in neurodegenerative diseases

Aptamers are small single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotide fragments or small peptides, which can bind to targets by high affinity and specificity. Because aptamers are specific, non-immunogenic and non-toxic, they are ideal materials for clinical applications. Neurodegenerative disorders are ravaging the lives of patients. Even though the mechanism of these diseases is still elusive, they are mainly characterized by the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the central nervous system. So it is essential to develop potential measures to slow down or prevent the onset of these diseases. With the advancements of the technologies, aptamers have opened up new areas in this research field. Aptamers could bind with these related target proteins to interrupt their accumulation, subsequently blocking or preventing the process of neurodegenerative diseases. This review presents recent advances in the aptamer generation and its merits and limitations, with emphasis on its applications in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, Huntington’s disease and multiple sclerosis.     

三角网格模型五轴加工刀轴矢量调整及优化

为消除全局干涉,提出了一种基于K-D树及刀具离散的高效刀轴矢量调整算法.算法首先以有限个点离散表示刀具,然后利用K-D树快速查找刀具的可能干涉点,并在此基础上计算调整后的刀轴矢量.为避免过大的刀轴矢量突变,提出一种分角度区域方法优化刀轴矢量.实例验证表明:算法能够高效实现全局干涉避免及刀轴矢量优化.     

Image separation using wavelet-complex shearlet dictionary

This paper presents a new method for image separation through employing a combined dictionary consisting of wavelets and complex shearlets. Because the combined dictionary sparsely represents points and curvilinear singularities respectively, the image can be decomposed into pointlike and curvelike parts as accurate as possible. The proposed method based on the geo- metric separation theory introduced by Donoho in 2005 shows that accurate geometric separation of the morphologically distinct fea- tures of points and curves can be achieved by l1 minimization. The experimental results show that the proposed method can not only be effective but also greatly reduce the computing time.     

聚讼与规范：经济犯罪概念的认定与特征的“限制”性释义

经济犯罪的概念虽被提出和使用很久,但至今仍未统一定论。我国的刑事政策决定了经济犯罪的客体,经济犯罪主要侵犯的客体是国家整体经济的秩序。本文在对域内外经济犯罪概念进行的聚讼与争鸣分析后,认为经济犯罪是指从事经济活动的自然人和法人在经济运行过程中,实施违反经济法规,侵害经济管理秩序和经济协调关系,情节严重,依法应当承担刑事责任的行为。经济犯罪概念的认定与特征的＂限制＂性释义取得规范,不仅易于了解经济犯罪的特殊性,也可使刑法的效能得到最大发挥。     

Apolipoprotein CIII hyperactivates β cell CaV1 channels through SR-BI/β1 integrin-dependent coactivation of PKA and Src

Apolipoprotein CIII (ApoCIII) not only serves as an inhibitor of triglyceride hydrolysis but also participates in diabetes-related pathological events such as hyperactivation of voltage-gated Ca²⁺ (Ca_V) channels in the pancreatic β cell. However, nothing is known about the molecular mechanisms whereby ApoCIII hyperactivates β cell Ca_V channels. We now demonstrate that ApoCIII increased Ca_V1 channel open probability and density. ApoCIII enhanced whole-cell Ca²⁺ currents and the Ca_V1 channel blocker nimodipine completely abrogated this enhancement. The effect of ApoCIII was not influenced by individual inhibition of PKA, PKC, or Src. However, combined inhibition of PKA, PKC, and Src counteracted the effect of ApoCIII, similar results obtained by coinhibition of PKA and Src. Moreover, knockdown of β1 integrin or scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) prevented ApoCIII from hyperactivating β cell Ca_V channels. These data reveal that ApoCIII hyperactivates β cell Ca_V1 channels through SR-BI/β1 integrin-dependent coactivation of PKA and Src.     

An effective amperometric biosensor based on graphene modified gold nanowire arrays for glucose detection

A novel glucose biosensor based on graphene nanosheets （GNs） modified gold nanowire arrays （AuN- WAs） electrode was constructed. Highly ordered gold nanowire arrays were prepared by direct electrodeposition in anodic aluminum oxide templates. GNs were synthe- sized through a public route involving graphite oxidation, exfoliation, and chemical reduction. Field emission scan- ning electron microscope and high-resolution transmission electron microscope were employed to characterize the as- prepared AuNWAs and GNs. Glucose oxidase was immobilized on the surface of GNs-AuNWAs modified electrode via a cross-linking method. The cyclic voltam- metry results showed that the GNs-AuNWAs-based glu- cose biosensors have high catalysis activity to hydrogen peroxide （H2O2） than those modified with GNs or AuN- WAs only. Furthermore, amperometric response was employed to detect glucose concentration owing to its simplicity, high selectivity, and relative low cost. Glucose biosensors based on GNs-AuNWAs showed excellent performance with high sen- sitivity of 40.25 μA cm^-2 （mmol/L）^-1, low detection limit of 0.02 mmol/L, and a linear range from 0.02 to 3 mmol/L.     

试析如何深化发展高校图书馆学科馆员服务

随着现代科学技术的迅猛发展及数字信息资源的迅速增长,学科馆员服务也需要进一步深化。从服务理念、服务模式、服务内容3方面描述了学科馆员服务的正确定位,并对深化发展高校图书馆学科馆员服务提出了几点对策。     

基于系统动力学的生鲜农产品国际冷链物流运作风险控制研究——以云南省生鲜蔬菜国际冷链物流为例

以云南省生鲜蔬菜国际冷链物流为例,从系统的角度对国际冷链物流运作风险进行分析,找出主要风险因素,明确风险系统的内部结构及反馈机制,构建生鲜农产品国际冷链物流运作风险的系统动力学模型.模拟仿真结果显示:国际冷链物流运作前6天成本风险和时间风险较高.10天后品质风险较高;风险控制策略具有一定的滞后性,通常在2天以后才生效;当风险控制策略实施有效且风险控制成本占物流运作费用的比例在15％左右时,国际冷链物流运作绩效最高.降低风险的对策措施是:企业间加强协调合作,注重果蔬预冷环节;提前进行合理的风险评估,做好风险防治;综合考虑风险控制成本、运作风险、运作绩效三方面的均衡.