An Empirical Study of Effects of Chinese Government＇s Tax Revenue and Expenditure on Its GDP＇s Growth

Public spending is a major policy tool for the government to adjust the macro economic progress. This paper characterizes the effects of shocks in government spending and taxes on Chinese economy growth since 1978. It does so by using a mixed structural VAR （SVAR） approach. Identification is achieved by using institutional information about the tax and spending to identify automatic and discretionary response, and by implication, to infer fiscal shocks. The results show positive government spending shocks as having a positive effect on output, and positive tax shocks as having a negative effects.     

The Difference of the Pulmonary-Artery Pressure of the Migrants from Difference Elevation at the 4636 - 4907 m Altitude

Study Objective： To compare and analyze the changes of the pulmonary-artery pressure of the migrants coming from different elevation in the hypoxic environment of 4636 - 4907 m extreme altitude. To explore the susceptibility to hypoxic pulmonary-artery hypertension （PH） in the subjects from different altitude and profession. Methods： By using Color Doppler Ultmsonography （CDU）, measuring the pulmonary-artery pressure of 207 healthy men, who had continuously being lived and worked at the extreme altitude for more than six months, and then were divided into three groups according to their profession and the altitude of original living place. Results： There was a significant difference in the outcomes of pulmonary-artery pressure from the 3 groups. Conclusions： Altitude of original living place, labor intensity are some of factors that impact the pulmonary-artery pressure of the people who exposure to a hypoxic environment. The pulmonary- artery pressure of person without strenuously physical work experience was more sensitive to hypoxic surroundings than that of labor workers. It was not always the fact at an extreme altitude that the moderate altitude mountaineers were superior to other migrants from a lower altitude or plain. The higher PH was found in the groups of the moderate altitude mountaineers and labor workers. It is unlikely certain that one with PH would surfer from HAPE.     

反渗透系统的设计思路探讨

反渗透作为一种重要的水处理技术,越来越广泛地应用到各种领域,其处理水源也变得复杂多样化,因此要求在反渗透系统和反渗透预处理设计时予以高度关注。本文主要讨论针对不同水源时反渗透系统的设计思路。     

基于VB的课件制作研究与实践

介绍课件及其特点,通过对各类课件制作工具的比较与讨论, 阐述了使用VB制作课件的优势,并介绍了使用VB制作课件的基本方法.     

Therapeutic applications of bone marrow-derived stem cells in liver transplantation for end-stage liver diseases

Today, liver transplantation (LT) is the only established treatment for end-stage liver diseases. The de- velopment of LT, including OLT, cadaveric LT, split LT, living donor LT (LDLT), brings hopes to patients with these diseases. However, increasing donor shortage, rejection and life-long immunosuppression with its side effects are the major limitations of this therapy strategy. Bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMDSCs) are capable of differentiating into hepatocyte-like cells and contribute to liver injury repair. The microenvironment of liver injury caused by rejection, ischemia/reperfusion, loss of liver mass, recurrence of HCV and "small-for-size syndrome" after LT can attract a variety of bone marrow-derived stem cell population to the peripheral circulation and then migration to the injury liver to promote the hepatic function restoration. Additionally, BMDSCs can also take part in the functional regeneration of living donor liver after LDLT. This participation in liver regeneration may be associated to the interac- tion between SDF-1and its receptor CXCR4, involving HGF, IL-8, MMP9, and VEGF/VEGFR-2. BMDSC with its bio-characteristics could maintain the allograft tolerance from different angles and in different ways. In conclusion, BMDSCs transplantation, as a new assistant therapeutic method for LT, will ex- pand the space of LT, and provide more survival opportunities for the patients suffering liver diseases in the future.     

Finding finer functions for partially characterized proteins by protein-protein interaction networks

Based on high-throughput data, numerous algorithms have been designed to find functions of novel proteins. However, the effectiveness of such algorithms is currently limited by some fundamental factors, including (1) the low a-priori probability of novel proteins participating in a detailed function; (2) the huge false data present in high-throughput datasets; (3) the incomplete data coverage of functional classes; (4) the abundant but heterogeneous negative samples for training the algorithms; and (5) the lack of detailed functional knowledge for training algorithms. Here, for partially characterized proteins, we suggest an approach to finding their finer functions based on protein interaction sub-networks or gene expression patterns, defined in function-specific subspaces. The proposed approach can lessen the above-mentioned problems by properly defining the prediction range and functionally filtering the noisy data, and thus can efficiently find proteins’ novel functions. For thousands of yeast and human proteins partially characterized, it is able to reliably find their finer functions (e.g., the translational functions) with more than 90% precision. The predicted finer functions are highly valuable both for guiding the follow-up wet-lab validation and for providing the necessary data for training algorithms to learn other proteins.     

Design and passive analysis of a novel softness display device

Simulating the softness property of object is quite a challenge in virtual reality system. A novel softness display system was developed based on the principle of deformable length of elastic element control （DLEEC）. In the system, the equivalent stiffness of the device is adjustable, and is inversely proportional to the third power of the deformable length of elastic beam. PD position control is employed to guarantee the accurate softness display. The softness of the virtual objects in large scale can be felt with the softness display device. Compared with other haptic devices, the device is passive and exert the react force only when the operator ＂actively touch＂ the virtual objects. The stability of the softness display system was analyzed. It was theoretical proved that the system satisfied the criteria of wide impedance range ＂Z-width＂, and the performance was superior to an active system. The experimental results were presented.     

目的论指导下的新闻英语编译

针对传统的翻译标准"忠实"、"等值"无法解释新闻翻译中必要的摘译、编译等现象,以德国功能学派翻译理论家H. J.弗米尔 (H. J. Vermeer) 提出的"目的论"为切入点,探讨了目的论在新闻翻译中的应用,目的论的提出拓宽了翻译理论研究的领域.     

硼对12Ni3CrMoV高强度钢焊接接头冷裂敏感性的影响

低碳调质高强度钢中添加硼对焊接冷裂敏感性的影响较少有人研究,并存在两种不同意见.本文对含硼量分别为0.005%,0.0014%,0.0028%,0.0035%的12Ni3CrMoV调质高强度钢焊接冷裂敏感性进行研究.试验结果表明:1.插销试验临界应力:含硼钢比无硼钢(含硼0.0005%)高;含硼钢中,临界应力按含硼量0.0014%,0.0028%,0.0035%的顺序递减.2.扫描电镜断口分析:无硼钢有沿晶断裂区、准介理断裂区和韧窝断裂区.含硼钢没有沿晶断裂区,只有准介理断裂区和韧窝断裂区.3.焊条未烘干时,无硼和含硼钢的插销临界应力都降低,无硼钢沿晶断裂区扩大,含硼钢仍无沿晶断裂区.4.硼在HAZ粗晶区中沿奥氏体晶界形成偏聚带,硼相主要沿奥氏体晶界呈不连续点状析出.含硼愈多,沿奥氏体晶界偏聚和硼相析出也愈多.5.C.D.Beachem提出的断口形貌发展过程示意图可以解释无硼钢断裂,不能完全解释含硼钢断裂过程.6.裂纹敏感性成分Pcm值表达式中,硼项系数为" 5"值得商榷.就本文钢材而言,硼项函数应为"负变数".本文对含硼钢延迟裂纹机理作了探讨.