Colcemid effects on homologue pairing and crossing over during fetal mouse oogenesis

Summary Colcemid was administered to gestational day 13 female mice to test effects on homologue pairing, synapsis and recombination of fetal oogenesis. Pairing abnormalities were detected in pachytene oocytes by light and electron microscopy examination of bivalents and synaptonemal complexes. Reduction of total chiasmata per treated diplotene oocyte (22.74) compared to controls (31.07) was found.     

Differentiated cells are more efficient than adult stem cells for cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer

Since the creation of Dolly via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), more than a dozen species of mammals have been cloned using this technology. One hypothesis for the limited success of cloning via SCNT (1%-5%) is that the clones are likely to be derived from adult stem cells. Support for this hypothesis comes from the findings that the reproductive cloning efficiency for embryonic stem cells is five to ten times higher than that for somatic cells as donors and that cloned pups cannot be produced directly from cloned embryos derived from differentiated B and T cells or neuronal cells. The question remains as to whether SCNT-derived animal clones can be derived from truly differentiated somatic cells. We tested this hypothesis with mouse hematopoietic cells at different differentiation stages: hematopoietic stem cells, progenitor cells and granulocytes. We found that cloning efficiency increases over the differentiation hierarchy, and terminally differentiated postmitotic granulocytes yield cloned pups with the greatest cloning efficiency.     

Piezo proteins are pore-forming subunits of mechanically activated channels

Mechanotransduction has an important role in physiology. Biological processes including sensing touch and sound waves require as-yet-unidentified cation channels that detect pressure. Mouse Piezo1 (MmPiezo1) and MmPiezo2 (also called Fam38a and Fam38b, respectively) induce mechanically activated cationic currents in cells; however, it is unknown whether Piezo proteins are pore-forming ion channels or modulate ion channels. Here we show that Drosophila melanogaster Piezo (DmPiezo, also called CG8486) also induces mechanically activated currents in cells, but through channels with remarkably distinct pore properties including sensitivity to the pore blocker ruthenium red and single channel conductances. MmPiezo1 assembles as a ～1.2-million-dalton homo-oligomer, with no evidence of other proteins in this complex. Purified MmPiezo1 reconstituted into asymmetric lipid bilayers and liposomes forms ruthenium-red-sensitive ion channels. These data demonstrate that Piezo proteins are an evolutionarily conserved ion channel family involved in mechanotransduction.     

Metallic transport in polyaniline

Despite nearly three decades of materials development, the transport properties in the 'metallic state' of the so-called conducting polymers are still not typical of conventional metals. The hallmark of metallic resistivity--a monotonic decrease in resistivity with temperature--has not been obtained at temperatures over the full range below room temperature; and a frequency dependent conductivity, sigma(omega), typical of metals has also not been observed. In contrast, the low-temperature behaviour of 'metallic' polymers has, in all previous cases, exhibited an increase in resistivity as temperature is further decreased, as a result of disorder-induced localization of the charge carriers. This disorder-induced localization also changes the infrared response such that sigma(omega) deviates from the prediction of Drude theory. Here we report classic metallic transport data obtained from truly metallic polymers. With polyaniline samples prepared using self-stabilized dispersion polymerization, we find that for samples having room-temperature conductivities in excess of 1,000 S cm(-1), the resistivity decreases monotonically as the temperature is lowered down to 5 K, and that the infrared spectra are characteristic of the conventional Drude model even at the lowest frequencies measured.     

扩散过程转移密度的估计

利用坐标变换法给出了一类扩散过程转移密度的显式上下界估计,推广了Zheng W.和Qian Z.的有关结果.     

浅谈运动生物力学中的理论分析方法

理论分析方法是运动生物力学的重要组成部分,其中力学理论方法是用力学理论来解释、分析人体运动的,其基本原理是质点的牛顿运动定律和建立一种“物理理想模型”,同时,结合动力学方程来解决实际问题。     

施用松材线虫内生寄生真菌Esteya vermicola控制松萎蔫病

Esteya vermicola是首例发现的杀松材线虫的内生真菌。最近,韩国学者从土壤中分离出了E.vermicola的多个新菌株。新菌株具有特异的孢子细胞和孢子,只有其中新月形孢子能黏附在线虫虫体上诱导其感染。研究表明该真菌是由甲虫携带侵染松树的,可在4~5 d内杀死几乎所有测试的松材线虫。温室试验和2 a的林间试验发现接种的真菌在松树内生长并感染松材线虫。结果证明该菌能有助于松树抵抗松材线虫的侵染。目前正在进一步研究和评价其作为商业生物防治方法的前景。     

利用杀菌剂防治松萎蔫病

松萎蔫病是一种非常复杂的病害。据报道,松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)及其携带的细菌诱导了该病,但是对于细菌的的作用尚存争议。笔者筛选出杀细菌剂进行了温室和林间防治松萎蔫病的实验。利用每株3年生赤松(Pinus densiflora)注射3 mg的恶喹酸,松萎蔫病防效达到71 %。利用恶喹酸或阿维菌素及两者混合物对大约20年生赤松的试验表明,3种处理均显示了很高的防效。以上结果证明伴生细菌是诱导松萎蔫病的必要因素,对松萎蔫病可利用杀细菌剂或杀细菌剂与杀线剂混合物进行防控。     

三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯类润滑油的抗磨损性能研究

制备了三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯 (TMPTO) 以及系列润滑油添加剂4-喹唑啉酮丙酸酯类化合物,分别将1wt.%添加剂溶解于TMPTO进行改性,利用UMT-3型微摩擦试验机评价改性润滑剂的抗磨损性能.根据摩擦学定量构效关系理论(QSTR),运用比较分子相似性指数分析(CoMSIA) 方法构建了添加剂抗磨损性能的摩擦学三维定量构效关系 (3D-QSTR) 模型.结果表明： 4-喹唑啉酮丙酸戊酯、4-喹唑啉酮丙酸十四酯、4-喹唑啉酮丙酸十五酯以及4-喹唑啉酮丙酸十六酯的抗磨损性能较好;对于该类化合物,支链的存在可能对抗磨性能有不利的影响.利用立体场和疏水场构建的CoMSIA模型预测性能好,模型提示分子结构中的特定基团在特定区域内出现的范围增大,将会提升改性润滑油的抗磨损性能.