Normal prolactin content of rat pituitary may be maintained by Nebenkern formations

Summary We have observed Nebenkern formations in mammotrophs of normal male rats. The ultrastructural appearance of these formations suggests that they may be part of a mechanism which by the process of autophagy disposes of older prolactin granules.     

TRIM25 RING-finger E3 ubiquitin ligase is essential for RIG-I-mediated antiviral activity

Retinoic-acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I; also called DDX58) is a cytosolic viral RNA receptor that interacts with MAVS (also called VISA, IPS-1 or Cardif) to induce type I interferon-mediated host protective innate immunity against viral infection. Furthermore, members of the tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family, which contain a cluster of a RING-finger domain, a B box/coiled-coil domain and a SPRY domain, are involved in various cellular processes, including cell proliferation and antiviral activity. Here we report that the amino-terminal caspase recruitment domains (CARDs) of RIG-I undergo robust ubiquitination induced by TRIM25 in mammalian cells. The carboxy-terminal SPRY domain of TRIM25 interacts with the N-terminal CARDs of RIG-I; this interaction effectively delivers the Lys 63-linked ubiquitin moiety to the N-terminal CARDs of RIG-I, resulting in a marked increase in RIG-I downstream signalling activity. The Lys 172 residue of RIG-I is critical for efficient TRIM25-mediated ubiquitination and for MAVS binding, as well as the ability of RIG-I to induce antiviral signal transduction. Furthermore, gene targeting demonstrates that TRIM25 is essential not only for RIG-I ubiquitination but also for RIG-I-mediated interferon- production and antiviral activity in response to RNA virus infection. Thus, we demonstrate that TRIM25 E3 ubiquitin ligase induces the Lys 63-linked ubiquitination of RIG-I, which is crucial for the cytosolic RIG-I signalling pathway to elicit host antiviral innate immunity.     

苦杏仁脱苦去毒的最佳工艺条件探讨

通过正交试验法,对苦杏仁脱苦去毒的最佳工艺条件进行了选择。     

Revitalizing the Concept of Public Procurement for Innovation (PPI) from a Systemic Perspective: Objectives,Policy Types,and Impact Mechanisms

Systemic Practice and Action Research - Recently, demand-side innovation policies for securing new driving-force for economic growth centered on developed countries, especially on the importance of...     

Epigenetic differences between naïve and primed pluripotent stem cells

It has been 8 years since the concept of naïve and primed pluripotent stem cell states was first proposed. Both are states of pluripotency, but exhibit slightly different properties. The naïve state represents the cellular state of the preimplantation mouse blastocyst inner cell mass, while the primed state is representative of the post-implantation epiblast cells. These two cell types exhibit clearly distinct developmental potential, as evidenced by the fact that naïve cells are able to contribute to blastocyst chimeras, while primed cells cannot. However, the epigenetic differences that underlie the distinct developmental potential of these cell types remain unclear, which is rather surprising given the large amount of active investigation over the years. Elucidating such epigenetic differences should lead to a better understanding of the fundamental properties of these states of pluripotency and the means by which the naïve-to-primed transition occurs, which may provide insights into the essence of stem cell commitment.     

Surface expression of MHC class II in dendritic cells is controlled by regulated ubiquitination

Dendritic cells have a unique function in the immune response owing to their ability to stimulate immunologically naive T lymphocytes. In response to microbial and inflammatory stimuli, dendritic cells enhance their capacity for antigen presentation by a process of terminal differentiation, termed maturation. The conversion of immature to mature dendritic cells is accompanied by a marked cellular reorganization, including the redistribution of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules (MHC II) from late endosomal and lysosomal compartments to the plasma membrane and the downregulation of some forms of endocytosis, which has been thought to slow the clearance of MHC II from the surface. The relative extent to which these or other mechanisms contribute to the regulation of surface MHC II remains unclear, however. Here we find that the MHC II beta-chain cytoplasmic tail is ubiquitinated in mouse immature dendritic cells. Although only partly required for the sequestration of MHC II in multivesicular bodies, this modification is essential for endocytosis. Notably, ubiquitination of MHC II ceased upon maturation, resulting in the accumulation of MHC II at the cell surface. Dendritic cells thus exhibit a unique ability to regulate MHC II surface expression by selectively controlling MHC II ubiquitination.     

Regulation of circadian behaviour and metabolism by synthetic REV-ERB agonists

Synchronizing rhythms of behaviour and metabolic processes is important for cardiovascular health and preventing metabolic diseases. The nuclear receptors REV-ERB-α and REV-ERB-β have an integral role in regulating the expression of core clock proteins driving rhythms in activity and metabolism. Here we describe the identification of potent synthetic REV-ERB agonists with in vivo activity. Administration of synthetic REV-ERB ligands alters circadian behaviour and the circadian pattern of core clock gene expression in the hypothalami of mice. The circadian pattern of expression of an array of metabolic genes in the liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue was also altered, resulting in increased energy expenditure. Treatment of diet-induced obese mice with a REV-ERB agonist decreased obesity by reducing fat mass and markedly improving dyslipidaemia and hyperglycaemia. These results indicate that synthetic REV-ERB ligands that pharmacologically target the circadian rhythm may be beneficial in the treatment of sleep disorders as well as metabolic diseases.     

ROLE OF FUNGAL LACCASE AND LOW MOLECULAR MEDIATORS ON DECOLOURIZATION OF AROMATIC DYES IN PAPER MILL EFFLUENTS

INTRODUCTIONFungal laccases (benzenediol:oxygen oxidoreductases, EC 1.10.3.2) are multicopper oxidases, capable of reducing oxygen to water and simultaneously involved in oxidation of aromatic hydrogen donors. These enzymes and very similar polyphenol oxidases can be used as free or immobilized type both in water or in some organic solvents for improving several biotechnological processes (Burton etal. 1995; Luterek etal. 1998; Milstein etal. 1993). Of possible applications, the enzyme i…     

一种新型多炔类光活化杀虫剂的HPLC研究

建立了一种新型多炔类光活化杀虫剂的HPLC分析方法。研究表明，峰面积和峰高均可行为该化合物的定量评价指标，并以菜粉蝶Pieris rapae幼虫为例，证明紫外光照先后顺序与试虫对该化合物的代谢与排泄有关。