E3 ubiquitin ligase that recognizes sugar chains

N-glycosylation of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has a central role in protein quality control. Here we report that N-glycan serves as a signal for degradation by the Skp1-Cullin1-Fbx2-Roc1 (SCF(Fbx2)) ubiquitin ligase complex. The F-box protein Fbx2 (ref. 4) binds specifically to proteins attached to N-linked high-mannose oligosaccharides and subsequently contributes to ubiquitination of N-glycosylated proteins. Pre-integrin beta 1 is a target of Fbx2; these two proteins interact in the cytosol after inhibition of the proteasome. In addition, expression of the mutant Fbx2 Delta F, which lacks the F-box domain that is essential for forming the SCF complex, appreciably blocks degradation of typical substrates of the ER-associated degradation pathway. Our results indicate that SCF(Fbx2) ubiquitinates N-glycosylated proteins that are translocated from the ER to the cytosol by the quality control mechanism.     

cDNA cloning and functional analysis of 4-coumarate --CoA: ligase (4CL) gene in Chinese white aspen

cDNA encoding 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL) was isolated from the secondary developing xylem of Chinese white aspen (Populus tomentosa) by RT-PCR for the first time, which was 1619 bp in length. The coding sequence and putative amino acid sequence showed 97.53% and 97.00% identity to that of Pt4CL1 in quaking aspen (P. tremuloids), respectively. Molecular analysis indicated that 4CL was encoded by multiple genes in P.tomentosa, its mRNA was highly accumulated in xylem and the expression of 4CL revealed a biphasic pattern in one growing season, almost in phase with the expression of other related enzymes in lignin biosynthesis. Transgenic research showed that expression of antisense 4CL cDNA led to the decreasing of lignin content in transgenic tobaccos, among which the average reduction was 10.3% and the highest could be up to 18.9%. These data suggested that 4CL gene was a potential gene used in altering lignin biosynthesis by biotechnology for producing new materials of papermaking.     

Evidence for gene transfer and expression of factor IX in haemophilia B patients treated with an AAV vector

Pre-clinical studies in mice and haemophilic dogs have shown that introduction of an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector encoding blood coagulation factor IX (FIX) into skeletal muscle results in sustained expression of F.IX at levels sufficient to correct the haemophilic phenotype. On the basis of these data and additional pre-clinical studies demonstrating an absence of vector-related toxicity, we initiated a clinical study of intramuscular injection of an AAV vector expressing human F.IX in adults with severe haemophilia B. The study has a dose-escalation design, and all patients have now been enrolled in the initial dose cohort (2 x 10(11) vg/kg). Assessment in the first three patients of safety and gene transfer and expression show no evidence of germline transmission of vector sequences or formation of inhibitory antibodies against F.IX. We found that the vector sequences are present in muscle by PCR and Southern-blot analyses of muscle biopsies and we demonstrated expression of F.IX by immunohistochemistry. We observed modest changes in clinical endpoints including circulating levels of F.IX and frequency of FIX protein infusion. The evidence of gene expression at low doses of vector suggests that dose calculations based on animal data may have overestimated the amount of vector required to achieve therapeutic levels in humans, and that the approach offers the possibility of converting severe haemophilia B to a milder form of the disease.     

γ-环糊精与萘酚包合物

研究了以β环糊精为主体,α,β萘酚为客体的包合反应.用元素分析、红外光谱、荧光、圆二色谱、核磁共振谱、差热分析、X射线衍射及薄层分析等方法对包合物进行了表征,并对包合物的形成进行了初步讨论.实验结果表明,β环糊精与α,β萘酚均形成1∶1的包合物,氢键、包合水的释放是形成包合物的驱动力.     

贮备系统可靠度置信限的评定

本文对由指数型部件组成的贮备系统提出了可靠度置信限评定的置信方法,推导了贮备系统可靠度置信限的表达式,讨论了转换开关对贮备系统可靠度评定的影响.     

论明末清初的遗民词

遗民词并不是明清之际词人首创。然而 ,还从来没有哪个时代遗民词创作 ,能达到明末清初的高度 ;没有哪个时代遗民词的创作 ,能像明末清初一样有着明确、统一的主题 ;没有哪个时代的遗民词 ,在政治内涵的深度和广度上 ,能与明末清初媲美。可以毫不夸大地说 ,明末清初的遗民词成就是巨大的 ,在中国文学史上前无古人。这是我们民族一份极为珍贵的文学遗产     

基于爬升减速机动的大迎角偏离敏感性试飞技术

为防止飞机意外进入大迎角失速尾旋状态，现代电传飞机通常采用左边界保护控制策略。但在使用中，仍然难以避免由于飞行速度超出左边界后“掉入”大迎角状态的现象。为全面评估飞机的左边界飞行安全，必须通过试飞验证飞机大迎角偏离敏感性。采用传统的平飞失速和收敛转弯等试飞方法，难以解决飞机超出左边界后“掉入”大迎角状态后的偏离敏感性评估问题。针对某型飞机迎角限制和抗尾旋控制律的特点，提出了基于爬升减速机动的大迎角偏离敏感性评估方法，采用飞行仿真技术开发了大迎角偏离敏感性试飞动作，建立了在迎角限制和抗尾旋控制律的综合作用下飞机大迎角偏离敏感性和尾旋阻抗程度的评估程序，并且在某型飞机上进行了应用和验证，全面评估了某型飞机的大迎角偏离敏感性和尾旋阻抗程度，为该型机的左边界飞行安全提供了有效的支持。     

ISO 18000-6 Type C中的防冲突机制分析

在介绍ISO 18000-6 Type C协议中标签识别及自适应Q算法操作过程的基础上,利用图表方式分析ISO 18000-6 Type C协议采用自适应Q算法处理标签工作过程的防冲突机制.该防冲突机制采用增减参数C值的方法处理冲突问题,能够使系统自动地处于最佳状态,但是该防冲突机制在没有考虑标签应答的情况下对Q值修改时,可能无法保证系统性能最大化,这将影响标签识别的性能.     

一种采用混合进制的算术编码

针对许多实际应用中需要同时编码压缩来自多种不同符号集的数据,提出一种采用混合进制的算术编码,提高编码效率的同时增强了算术编码的抗误码扩散能力.从理论上分析了该算法并给出了实现过程.处理小波零树系数以及随机混合数据的实验结果表明,该算法明显优于单一进制的编码算法.     

基于时变换域分布的码分多址复用系统干扰抑制技术

基于时频分布能同时分析信号在时间域和频率域的特点，针对CDMA Overlay通信系统中时变窄带干扰抑制问题，提出了一种广义的时域分布-时变域分布，利用接收信号的时变换域分布获得干扰的瞬时频率，并据此设计相应的时变滤波器对干扰进行抑制，在干扰为频率随时间变化的线性调频信号时，对时变干扰抑制方案进行了计算机仿真，结果表明，该方案可以有效地抑制系统中的时变窄带干扰。