改进数学形态方法及其在电能质量监测中的应用

在分析传统形态滤波方法缺陷的基础上，提出一种改进的数学形态方法来处理电能质量监测中采集数据的噪声问题．通过选取合适的结构元素，并利用不同的结构元素及其自适应的加权组合方式，设计了性能优异的电能质量扰动信号的处理方法，该方法能在保证信号局部特征的前提下对信号进行有效的去噪．文中介绍了算法的设计要点和步骤，并从仿真计算和实验设计两方面来分析所提方法的性能和效率．结果表明，该方法设计简单、计算速度快、易于硬件实现，是一种切实可行的方法。     

顶吹搅拌液相流体的水模实验与数值模拟分析

采用水模型和VOF数学模型对浸没式气体顶吹搅拌液相流体分别进行实验与数值模拟,分析在不同喷吹条件下气泡在液相中的形变、运动及液相流体的流场特性。结果表明,随着气流量和喷管浸入液面深度的增加,气-液混合区域分布范围逐渐扩大,液面波动更剧烈;气流量越大、喷管浸入液面越深、液相温度越高,气泡运动对液相流体内部的搅拌作用越强,流体内部扰动越剧烈,液相流场域中的流场速度越大,其中,当气流量为2.0m3/h、喷管浸入液面深度为340mm时,其液相流场速度最大值达到1.18m/s。     

油田埋地碳钢管道外腐蚀行为研究

针对大庆油田龙虎泡作业区埋地碳钢管道外腐蚀较为严重的情况,通过检测埋管防护层破损点周围土壤的物理、化学性质和硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）数量,分析土壤的腐蚀性。采用扫描电镜能谱（SEM-EDS）、X射线衍射（XRD）和红外光谱（IR）等技术对管道外壁腐蚀物的形貌、元素组成和矿物成分等进行了表征和分析。借助动电位极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）进一步研究了埋地碳钢管道外壁在土壤浸出液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明,作业区潮湿的盐碱性土壤环境和复杂多变的土壤性质使该地区埋地碳钢管道发生腐蚀;腐蚀产物主要包括Fe₃O₄和FeOOH,其中FeOOH位于外层,Fe₃O₄位于内层;腐蚀产物通过参与阴极反应或充当大阴极来加剧管道腐蚀。     

Polo inhibits progenitor self-renewal and regulates Numb asymmetry by phosphorylating Pon

Self-renewal and differentiation are cardinal features of stem cells. Asymmetric cell division provides one fundamental mechanism by which stem cell self-renewal and differentiation are balanced. A failure of this balance could lead to diseases such as cancer. During asymmetric division of stem cells, factors controlling their self-renewal and differentiation are unequally segregated between daughter cells. Numb is one such factor that is segregated to the differentiating daughter cell during the stem-cell-like neuroblast divisions in Drosophila melanogaster, where it inhibits self-renewal. The localization and function of Numb is cell-cycle-dependent. Here we show that Polo (ref. 13), a key cell cycle regulator, the mammalian counterparts of which have been implicated as oncogenes as well as tumour suppressors, acts as a tumour suppressor in the larval brain. Supernumerary neuroblasts are produced at the expense of neurons in polo mutants. Polo directly phosphorylates Partner of Numb (Pon, ref. 16), an adaptor protein for Numb, and this phosphorylation event is important for Pon to localize Numb. In polo mutants, the asymmetric localization of Pon, Numb and atypical protein kinase C are disrupted, whereas other polarity markers are largely unaffected. Overexpression of Numb suppresses neuroblast overproliferation caused by polo mutations, suggesting that Numb has a major role in mediating this effect of Polo. Our results reveal a biochemical link between the cell cycle and the asymmetric protein localization machinery, and indicate that Polo can inhibit progenitor self-renewal by regulating the localization and function of Numb.     

The effect of nanohybrid materials on the pour-point and viscosity depressing of waxy crude oil

The pipeline transportation of waxy crude oil is a problem both at home and abroad.In this paper,a novel nanohybrid pour-point depressant (PPD) was used to decrease the pour point and viscosity of waxy crude oil.The pour point and apparent viscosity of waxy crude oil was decreased significantly upon addition of the nanohybrid PPD,and the long-term stability of the nanohybrid PPD was superior to that of a conventional ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer PPD.Polarized optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to study the effect of the nanohybrid PPD on the crystallization of crude oil.Addition of the nanohybrid PPD reduced the amount of wax crystals,prevented their aggregation,and reduced the temperature at which the crude oil started to crystallize.The significant effect of this nanohybrid PPD on the pour point and viscosity depressing of crude oil is of great importance for facilitating the safe,efficient and energy-minimized transportation of waxy crude oil.     

Gas-liquid phase coexistence and finite-size effects in a two-dimensional Lennard-Jones system

The gas-liquid phase coexistence in a two-dimensional Lennard-Jones system is investigated using Maxwell construction method together with molecular dynamics simulations.The results of phase coexistence in different truncations of the potential are compared with data obtained from the literature,and the corresponding critical properties calculated.The crossover from Ising-like to mean field behavior is observed and confirmed as the temperature approaches the critical point from below.Performing simulations on systems with different sizes,we find that a finite size effect is more significant than those shown in most of the previous results,and a lower critical temperature is obtained when the full extent of this finite size effect is considered.     

谈分类讨论教学意识的强化

近几十年我国的高考与中考,公务员录用考试等选拔性考试都从不同角度考查应试者的分类讨论的能力.分类讨论的能力已成为公民素质的一部分.分类讨论的理论依据是现代数学中的集合分类与逻辑学中的概念划分.分类讨论是数学解题的一种重要方法,更是从事科学研究与学习的一种重要方法.分类讨论是各学习时段的重要内容.在教学实践中,要强化教师对分类讨论的教学意识,要培养学生对分类讨论的应用意识、应用技能.     

鼓励学生大胆猜想

猜想就是猜测,在探索性的思考中,几乎少不了猜想的成份.鼓励学生大胆猜想,可以打开思路、活跃思维,锻炼学生的想象力;思考、探索推理、判断能力.     

渣油热接触改质反应机理——Ⅰ.不同热载体反立性能的考察

采用X光衍射、程序升温脱附、扫描电镜、微活性测试及表面结构测试等方法,对不同热载体的性能与结构进行了考察。结果表明,热载体是一种具有低比表面、低催化活性的情性物质,孔径范围大多在15～60nm,热载体的孔结构类似于平行壁的狭缝状毛细孔结构。用胜利常压渣油作原料,在固定流化床反应器中考察不同热载体的反应性能,发现热载体结构对反应结果有很大影响,同时,热载体还有较强的抗重金属的污染能力。     

渣油热接触改质反应机理——Ⅱ.胶质和沥青质的转化

以添加不同数量胶质或沥青质的胜利减二线为原料油,采用2~#热载体,在固定流化床反应装置上考察了胶质、沥青质的转化。结果表明,在通常的反应条件下,胶质大部分转化为液体,沥青质大部分转化为焦炭。采用热接触改质,可脱除渣油中40～60%的S、N,90%左右重金属Ni以及85%以上的残炭,约90%的胶质和近乎100%的沥青质。