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排序方式: 共有201条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Morphological and ecological complexity in early eukaryotic ecosystems. 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
Molecular phylogeny and biogeochemistry indicate that eukaryotes differentiated early in Earth history. Sequence comparisons of small-subunit ribosomal RNA genes suggest a deep evolutionary divergence of Eukarya and Archaea; C27-C29 steranes (derived from sterols synthesized by eukaryotes) and strong depletion of 13C (a biogeochemical signature of methanogenic Archaea) in 2,700 Myr old kerogens independently place a minimum age on this split. Steranes, large spheroidal microfossils, and rare macrofossils of possible eukaryotic origin occur in Palaeoproterozoic rocks. Until now, however, evidence for morphological and taxonomic diversification within the domain has generally been restricted to very late Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic successions. Here we show that the cytoskeletal and ecological prerequisites for eukaryotic diversification were already established in eukaryotic microorganisms fossilized nearly 1,500 Myr ago in shales of the early Mesoproterozoic Roper Group in northern Australia. 相似文献
42.
J. K. Walter V. Castro M. Voss K. Gast C. Rueckert J. Piontek Ingolf E. Blasig 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2009,66(22):3655-3662
Occludin is a self-associating transmembrane tight junction protein affected in oxidative stress. However, its function is
unknown. The cytosolic C-terminal tail contains a coiled coil-domain forming dimers contributing to the self-association.
Studying the hypothesis that the self-association is redox-sensitive, we found that the dimerization of the domain depended
on the sulfhydryl concentration of the environment in low-millimolar range. Under physiological conditions, monomers and dimers
were detected. Masking the sulfhydryl residues in the domain prevented the dimerization but affected neither its helical structure
nor cylindric shape. Incubation of cell extracts containing full-length occludin with sulfhydryl reagents prevented the dimerization;
a cysteine/alanine exchange mutant also did not show dimer formation. This demonstrates, for the first time, that disulfide
bridge formation of the domain is involved in the occludin dimerization. It is concluded that the redox-dependent dimerization
of occludin may play a regulatory role in the tight junction assembly under physiological and pathological conditions. 相似文献
43.
Mutations in the desmosomal protein plakophilin-2 are common in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
Gerull B Heuser A Wichter T Paul M Basson CT McDermott DA Lerman BB Markowitz SM Ellinor PT MacRae CA Peters S Grossmann KS Drenckhahn J Michely B Sasse-Klaassen S Birchmeier W Dietz R Breithardt G Schulze-Bahr E Thierfelder L 《Nature genetics》2004,36(11):1162-1164
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is associated with fibrofatty replacement of cardiac myocytes, ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. In 32 of 120 unrelated individuals with ARVC, we identified heterozygous mutations in PKP2, which encodes plakophilin-2, an essential armadillo-repeat protein of the cardiac desmosome. In two kindreds with ARVC, disease was incompletely penetrant in most carriers of PKP2 mutations. 相似文献
44.
Lebrun F Terrier R Bazzano A Bélanger G Bird A Bouchet L Dean A Del Santo M Goldwurm A Lund N Morand H Parmar A Paul J Roques JP Schönfelder V Strong AW Ubertini P Walter R Winkler C 《Nature》2004,428(6980):293-296
The Milky Way is known to be an abundant source of gamma-ray photons, now determined to be mainly diffuse in nature and resulting from interstellar processes. In the soft gamma-ray domain, point sources are expected to dominate, but the lack of sensitive high-resolution observations did not allow for a clear estimate of the contribution from such sources. Even the best imaging experiment revealed only a few point sources, accounting for about 50% of the total Galactic flux. Theoretical studies were unable to explain the remaining intense diffuse emission. Investigating the origin of the soft gamma-rays is therefore necessary to determine the dominant particle acceleration processes and to gain insights into the physical and chemical equilibrium of the interstellar medium. Here we report observations in the soft gamma-ray domain that reveal numerous compact sources. We show that these sources account for the entirety of the Milky Way's emission in soft gamma-rays, leaving at most a minor role for diffuse processes. 相似文献
45.
Walter F Bertoldi F Carilli C Cox P Lo KY Neri R Fan X Omont A Strauss MA Menten KM 《Nature》2003,424(6947):406-408
Observations of molecular hydrogen in quasar host galaxies at high redshifts provide fundamental constraints on galaxy evolution, because it is out of this molecular gas that stars form. Molecular hydrogen is traced by emission from the carbon monoxide molecule, CO; cold H2 itself is generally not observable. Carbon monoxide has been detected in about ten quasar host galaxies with redshifts z > 2; the record-holder is at z = 4.69 (refs 1-3). Here we report CO emission from the quasar SDSS J114816.64 + 525150.3 (refs 5, 6) at z = 6.42. At that redshift, the Universe was only 1/16 of its present age, and the era of cosmic reionization was just ending. The presence of about 2 x 1010 M\circ of H2 in an object at this time demonstrates that molecular gas enriched with heavy elements can be generated rapidly in the youngest galaxies. 相似文献
46.
Varon R Gooding R Steglich C Marns L Tang H Angelicheva D Yong KK Ambrugger P Reinhold A Morar B Baas F Kwa M Tournev I Guerguelcheva V Kremensky I Lochmüller H Müllner-Eidenböck A Merlini L Neumann L Bürger J Walter M Swoboda K Thomas PK von Moers A Risch N Kalaydjieva L 《Nature genetics》2003,35(2):185-189
47.
构建了人PAI—2cDNA睥达质粒,以NIH3T3为转染宿主细胞,NorthernBlot,WesternBlot和PAI活性扩散试验结果表明人PAI—2cDNA可以在NIH3T3细胞中正确表达出PAI—2蛋白,且具有抑制PA的活性,同时未能检测到NIH3T3细胞表达PAI—2蛋白质.为探讨PA—PAI—2系统的调控机制打下基础. 相似文献
48.
Model for signal sequence recognition from amino-acid sequence of 54K subunit of signal recognition particle 总被引:74,自引:0,他引:74
Protein targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum in mammalian cells is catalysed by signal recognition particle (SRP). Cross-linking experiments have shown that the subunit of relative molecular mass 54,000 (Mr 54K; SRP54) interacts directly with signal sequences as they emerge from the ribosome. Here we present the sequence of a complementary DNA clone of SRP54 which predicts a protein that contains a putative GTP-binding domain and an unusually methionine-rich domain. The properties of this latter domain suggest that it contains the signal sequence binding site. A previously uncharacterized Escherichia coli protein has strong homology to both domains. Closely homologous GTP-binding domains are also found in the alpha-subunit of the SRP receptor (SR alpha, docking protein) in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and in a second E. coli protein, ftsY, which resembles SR alpha. Recent work has shown that SR alpha is a GTP-binding protein and that GTP is required for the release of SRP from the signal sequence and the ribosome on targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. We propose that SRP54 and SR alpha use GTP in sequential steps of the targeting reaction and that essential features of such a pathway are conserved from bacteria to mammals. 相似文献
49.
50.