Behavior of argon gas release from manganese oxide minerals as revealed by <Superscript>40</Superscript>Ar/<Superscript>39</Superscript>Ar laser incremental heating analysis

Manganese oxides in association with paleo- weathering may provide significant insights into the multiple factors affecting the formation and evolution of weathering profiles, such as temperature, precipitation, and biodiversity. Laser probe step-heating analysis of supergene hollandite and cryptomelane samples collected from central Queensland, Australia, yield well-defined plateaus andconsistent isochron ages, confirming the feasibility dating very-fined supergene manganese oxides by 40Ar/39Ar technique. Two distinct structural sites hostingAr isotopes can be identified in light of their degassing behaviors obtained byincremental heating analyses. The first site, releasing its gas fraction at thelaser power 0.2-0.4 W, yields primarily 40Aratm, 38Aratm, and 36Aratm (atmospheric Ar isotopes). The second sites yield predominantly 40Ar* (radiogenic 40Ar),39ArK, and 38ArK (nucleogenic components), at ～0.5-1.0 W. There is no significant Ar gas released at the laser power higher than 1.0 W, indicating the breakdown of the tunnel sites hosting the radiogenic and nucleogenic components. The excellent match between the degassing behaviors of 40Ar*, 39ArK, and 38ArK suggests that these isotopes occupy the same crystallographic sites and that 39ArK lossfrom the tunnel site by recoil during neutron irradiation and/or bake-out procedure preceding isotopic analysis does not occur. Present investigation supports that neither the overwhelming atmospheric 40Ar nor the very-fined nature of the supergene manganese oxides poses problems in extracting meaningful weathering geochronological information by analyzing supergene manganese oxides minerals.     

Spectroscopic investigation on the telomeric DNA base sequence repeat

Telomeres are protein-DNA complexes at the terminals of linear chromosomes, which protect chromosomal integrity and maintain cellular replicative capacity. From single-cell organisms to advanced animals and plants, structures and functions of telomeres are both very conservative. In cells of human and vertebral animals, telomeric DNA base sequences all are (TTAGGG)n. In the present work, we have obtained absorption and fluorescence spectra measured from seven synthesized oligonucleotides to simulate the telomeric DNA system and calculated their relative fluorescence quantum yields on which not only telomeric DNA characteristics are predicted but also possibly the shortened telomeric sequences during cell division are implied. Oligonucleotide 5′-TTAGGGTTAGGG holds a low relative fluorescence quantum yield and remarkable excitation energy innerconversion, which tallies with the telomeric sequence of (TTAGGG)n. This result shows that telomeric DNA has a strong non-radiative or innerconvertible capability.     

Sm-Nd isotope dating of hydrothermal calcites from the Xikuangshan antimony deposit,Central Hunan

The research on Samarium-Neodymium isotope systematics of hydrothermal calcites from the Xikuangshan antimony deposit, Central Hunan, places precise timing constraints on the Sb mineralization in this area. It is revealed that the Xikuangshan deposit formed during the late Jurassic-early Cretaceous Period, the early- and latestage mineralization took place at (155.5± 1.1) Ma and (124.1±3.7) Ma, respectively. The accurate age determination of mineralization is very crucial for revealing the super-enrichment mechanism of the element Sb at the Xikuangshan mine, and lays some foundations for the further understandings of its ore genesis and mineralization mechanism.     

高应变速率超塑性铝基材料的研究现状与展望

高应变速率超塑性是一个涉及先进制造技术和超细晶块体材料的高科技前沿研究领域 美国SuperformAluminium公司采用超塑成形技术使轿车重量减轻了一半 ,大大降低了油耗与排放 ,因此高应变速率超塑性铝基材料的研究对于今后有效地利用地球资源和减少地球环境污染具有重要的现实意义 应变速率太低和成本太高是今后超塑性先进制造技术和超细晶块体材料大规模实用化进程中必须解决的关键问题 本文综述了国内外超塑性铝基复合材料和铝合金的制备、性能及变形机理的研究现状 ,指出了加快铸造法低成本制备高应变速率超塑性铝合金研究的迫切性 ,并展望了该材料在 2 1世纪的应用前景     

块体纳米材料的研究现状与发展思路

块体纳米材料的制备技术及性能研究 ,是当前纳米材料领域内的一个热点 块体纳米材料具有奇异的结构和特殊性能 ,其在力学、电学、光学和磁学等方面发生了巨大的变化 文中较为详细地介绍了国内外块状纳米材料的制备技术 针对块体纳米材料加工过程中存在热稳定性及致密性等两个主要问题进行了探讨 ,提出了通过加入第二相微粒、强烈塑性加工措施来改善块体纳米材料的热稳定性 ;采用烧结、挤压辅助工艺来提高块体纳米材料的致密性的方案     

小波分析在水文序列趋势分析中的应用

根据水文时间序列的频率分布特性 ,运用小波分析将不同频率成分组成时间序列按尺度分解成低频和高频成分 ,然后依据小波系数的重构原理还原时间序列的趋势成分 ,从而可以判断水文时间序列的趋势变化 .以黄河上中下游四个水文站的实测年径流序列为例进行了研究 ,研究结果表明多分辨分析用于水文时间序列趋势分析是合理可行的     

Altruistic punishment in humans.

Human cooperation is an evolutionary puzzle. Unlike other creatures, people frequently cooperate with genetically unrelated strangers, often in large groups, with people they will never meet again, and when reputation gains are small or absent. These patterns of cooperation cannot be explained by the nepotistic motives associated with the evolutionary theory of kin selection and the selfish motives associated with signalling theory or the theory of reciprocal altruism. Here we show experimentally that the altruistic punishment of defectors is a key motive for the explanation of cooperation. Altruistic punishment means that individuals punish, although the punishment is costly for them and yields no material gain. We show that cooperation flourishes if altruistic punishment is possible, and breaks down if it is ruled out. The evidence indicates that negative emotions towards defectors are the proximate mechanism behind altruistic punishment. These results suggest that future study of the evolution of human cooperation should include a strong focus on explaining altruistic punishment.     

非线性方程的一种区间迭代算法

把区间算法与正割算法相结合,给出了一种新的区间正割算法．并证明了其收敛性与Newton法相比,具有收敛快,误差小的优点,算例证明了其有效性．     

Ф40自由浮球式疏水阀工况分析

对自由浮球式疏水阀内浮球在开启过程中的受力情况进行了全面的分析,首次提出疏水阀开启疏水的两种不同方式。即滑动开启和滚动开启方式,并分别给出了两种不同开启方式所对应的压差合力和关闭力矩的计算公式。确定了保证此类疏水阀可靠工作的许用最高工作压力。可供此类疏水阀设计和开发参考。     

模拟移动床分离紫杉醇

以东北红豆杉树叶为原料,采用无毒、无污染的乙醇作为提取溶剂．在高分子树脂柱和模拟移动床色谱(SMBC)系统上逐级提纯紫杉醇,除去大量非紫杉烷与紫杉烷类杂质,得到了高纯度的产品、同时,对紫杉醇前处理过程中洗脱液条件,随后的SMBC系统实验中的切换时间等条件进行了优化,并总结出一套优化操作条件,为纯化紫杉醇提供了合理的工艺路线．