Grains and grain boundaries in single-layer graphene atomic patchwork quilts

The properties of polycrystalline materials are often dominated by the size of their grains and by the atomic structure of their grain boundaries. These effects should be especially pronounced in two-dimensional materials, where even a line defect can divide and disrupt a crystal. These issues take on practical significance in graphene, which is a hexagonal, two-dimensional crystal of carbon atoms. Single-atom-thick graphene sheets can now be produced by chemical vapour deposition on scales of up to metres, making their polycrystallinity almost unavoidable. Theoretically, graphene grain boundaries are predicted to have distinct electronic, magnetic, chemical and mechanical properties that strongly depend on their atomic arrangement. Yet because of the five-order-of-magnitude size difference between grains and the atoms at grain boundaries, few experiments have fully explored the graphene grain structure. Here we use a combination of old and new transmission electron microscopy techniques to bridge these length scales. Using atomic-resolution imaging, we determine the location and identity of every atom at a grain boundary and find that different grains stitch together predominantly through pentagon-heptagon pairs. Rather than individually imaging the several billion atoms in each grain, we use diffraction-filtered imaging to rapidly map the location, orientation and shape of several hundred grains and boundaries, where only a handful have been previously reported. The resulting images reveal an unexpectedly small and intricate patchwork of grains connected by tilt boundaries. By correlating grain imaging with scanning probe and transport measurements, we show that these grain boundaries severely weaken the mechanical strength of graphene membranes but do not as drastically alter their electrical properties. These techniques open a new window for studies on the structure, properties and control of grains and grain boundaries in graphene and other two-dimensional materials.     

基于变差系数法的水污染物总量分配模型

在考虑排污权公平准则的基础上,将数学领域的变差系数概念引入环境领域,选取与水污染物排放量紧密相关的各项指标,并利用各项指标的变差系数来度量各个区域的社会、经济和环境等客观因素发展的不平衡,同时应用相关系数法确定各项指标权重,建立了一种新的基于变差系数加权和的水污染物总量优化分配模型,并将该模型应用于汉江水源地汉中市的水污染物COD总量分配中。实验结果表明:该优化模型能够考虑各区域之间的差异,缩小各区域间总量分配的不均衡,是一种更具公平性和可行性的分配方法。     

孙村煤矿五级安全隐患排查治理运作实践

详细介绍了山东新汶矿区孙村煤矿生产过程中如何引用五级安全隐患排查治理方法,使煤矿安全隐患治理从简单的经验管理转变为可操作的制度管理,从而保证了煤矿安全生产的做法。     

FeCl3与30% H2O2对醇的催化氧化

以FeCl3为催化剂,环境友好的30%H2O2为氧化剂,研究了对甲氧基苯甲醇的催化氧化,考察了影响反应的各种因素,实现了最优条件下其他醇的催化氧化.结果表明,用30%H2O2氧化醇时,FeCl3是较好的催化剂,在温和条件下,一系列醇都可被氧化成相应的羰基化合物.     

变质产品供应链中多品种的订购策略研究

针对核心企业为订货商的变质产品供应链,建立了多品种的库存模型,分析了基于三种不同订购策略的总成本函数的性质,提出了多种变质产品的近似最优订购策略.最后,通过算例对理论结果加以说明.     

虚拟企业伙伴选择的多目标方法新探

虚拟企业成功的关键是能否选择出理想的合作伙伴。在分析虚拟企业理想伙伴基本特征的基础上 ,抽象归纳出选择理想合作伙伴应考虑的主要因素 ,对多目标决策方法加以适度改进 ,给出了选择理想合作伙伴的一种新方法。对多目标中的效益型指标、成本型指标、区间型指标及固定型指标分别进行标准化 ,根据标准化后的最优点和最劣点 ,求出各方案的密切值 ,由密切值的大小来选择最终合作伙伴。     

Targeted recycling of PECAM from endothelial surface-connected compartments during diapedesis

Leukocytes enter sites of inflammation by squeezing through the borders between endothelial cells that line postcapillary venules at that site. This rapid process, called transendothelial migration (TEM) or diapedesis, is completed within 90 s after a leukocyte arrests on the endothelial surface. In this time, the leukocyte moves in ameboid fashion across the endothelial borders, which remain tightly apposed to it during transit. It is not known how the endothelial cell changes its borders rapidly and reversibly to accommodate the migrating leukocyte. Here we show that there is a membrane network just below the plasmalemma at the cell borders that is connected at intervals to the junctional surface. PECAM-1, an integral membrane protein with an essential role in TEM, is found in this compartment and constitutively recycles evenly along endothelial cell borders. During TEM, however, recycling PECAM is targeted to segments of the junction across which monocytes are in the act of migration. In addition, blockade of TEM with antibodies against PECAM specifically blocks the recruitment of this membrane to the zones of leukocyte migration, without affecting the constitutive membrane trafficking.     

基于混沌时间序列的误差纠错预测模型

提出了一种新型的非常实用的非线性时间序列的预测模型,即误差纠错预测模型(EAM),并从概率统计的角度严格证明了该方法的可靠性,同时分析了受噪声扰动的时间序列的预测.先按一般方法确定嵌入维数与时间步长,在每个当前时刻,先用局域线性回归方法得到预测点的预测值,根据信息在非线性演化中产生的失真误差大小予以修正得到修正值,并以该点为新的基点作进一步预测.该方法具备了滑动窗口二次自回归模型(MWDAR)的适用于小数据集且对大数据集具有高效率的优点,而且克服了MWDAR方法中一次项和二次项阶数及滑动窗口长度等参数难以确定,从而会导致预测恶化,使得应用受到限制的缺点.分别用Logistic方程产生的小数据集和大数据集的混沌时间序列数据作了预测,结果良好.