The unusual minimum of sunspot cycle 23 caused by meridional plasma flow variations

Direct observations over the past four centuries show that the number of sunspots observed on the Sun's surface varies periodically, going through successive maxima and minima. Following sunspot cycle 23, the Sun went into a prolonged minimum characterized by a very weak polar magnetic field and an unusually large number of days without sunspots. Sunspots are strongly magnetized regions generated by a dynamo mechanism that recreates the solar polar field mediated through plasma flows. Here we report results from kinematic dynamo simulations which demonstrate that a fast meridional flow in the first half of a cycle, followed by a slower flow in the second half, reproduces both characteristics of the minimum of sunspot cycle 23. Our model predicts that, in general, very deep minima are associated with weak polar fields. Sunspots govern the solar radiative energy and radio flux, and, in conjunction with the polar field, modulate the solar wind, the heliospheric open flux and, consequently, the cosmic ray flux at Earth.     

VOx·nH2O纳米管的制备及表征

通过表面活性剂乳化剂OP-10/十八胺作为软模板在水热条件下合成均一、超长VOx·nH2 O纳米管.纳米管长5-15μm,外径为100-120mm,内径10-20nm.所得产物用X-射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)高分辨电子显微镜(HRTEM)进行表征,并对其反应机理进行了研究.     

Mechanochemical synthesis and high-capacity performances of transition-metal borides as aqueous anode materials

Transition-metal borides MB0.5(M = Co,Mo,V) were synthesized by high-speed mechanical ball-milling of the corresponding elemental metals and boron,and investigated as aqueous anode materials.The as-synthesized borides can achieve an excellent discharge capacity,about twice that of their parent transition metals.The metal boride electrodes also exhibit polarizations about 100-300 mV lower than those of their parent metals.The galvanostatic discharge curve of CoB0.5 shows a single discharge voltage plateau as a result of simultaneous electro-oxidation of elemental cobalt and/or amorphous cobalt boride.Both MoB0.5 and VB0.5 show two well-defined voltage plateaus,corresponding to the electro-oxidation of the corresponding metal and boride.These results show that the coexisting transition metal and boride in the metal borides co-activate each other in the ball-milling process,thereby significantly enhancing their electrochemical performances.     

THE INFLUENCE OF DRAWING CONDITIONS OF PET POY ON STRUCTURE AND PROPERTY OF THE FIBER

Drawing tests upon PET POY have been made by using dynamic thermal stress analyser,which show that the dynamic thermal stress of fiber is readily affected by drawing conditions. Aseries of samples have been obtained under different drawing velocities, drawing temperatures anddraw ratios. The variations of structural factors of fiber such as the orientation, crystallinity,crystallite size and the thermal shrinkage have been measured. It is proved through experimentsthat the thermal shrinkage(Y) of the drawn fiber of PET POY is influenced by the orientation (rep-resented by sonic velocity x_1) and crystallinity (x_2) of the fiber. The quantitative relationship is es-tablished using the binary regression method: Y=10.2246+2.2030x_1-26.2670x_2 The mechanical properties such as tenacity, elongation, yield stress, initial modulus and the te-nacity at 10% elongation, etc. have also been measured. The relations between the tenacity at 10%elongation (D) and drawing velocity(V), draw ratio (DR), drawing temperature (T), and sonic ve-locity and crystallinity have been obtained using a method of mathematical statistics: D=4.594-0.009 6V , D=-8.937+7.170DR, D=2.866+0.00629T, D=-7.34+2.866x_1+6.314x_2 These equations fit well with data from the experiments. This work will be benefical to the control of quality of products and the development of newproducts.     

数学与广告

探讨了广告和数学的关系．阐述了数学概念、数学符号和数学方法在广告文体、广告策划、广告制作和广告评价中的应用．     

论线性方程组迭代解法的收敛与加速

本文应用Ｓｈａｎｋｓ变换讨论了线性方程组的迭代求解问题，在一定条件下将发散的迭代序列改变为收敛的序列，并探讨了收敛的迭代序列的加速问题。     

石棉对N，N－二甲基苯胺的吸附和氧化作用

研究了青石棉、温石棉、直闪石和铁石棉与不同浓度Ｎ，Ｎ－二甲基苯胺（ＤＭＡ）在１１０℃的吸附氧化反应，测定了产物的紫外可见光谱、红外光谱、元素分析和热分析数据．结果表明，四种石棉均能使ＤＭＡ氧化为甲基紫．质子可以提高石棉的氧化能力．此外，反应过程还生成一种紫外可见光最大吸收为３４０ｎｍ的物质，其结构有待进一步鉴定．     

矿焦混装对软熔带透气性影响的研究

用熔滴实验装置研究了矿、焦层装及混装时矿石软熔层的透气性,发现混装时软熔层的透气性获得大幅度改善。获得改善的原因在于混装时软溶层的结构发生了质的变化。     

结构光塑性与数值计算的混合解法

为了利用由光塑性法得到的应力光图来分离应力，提出一个以边界节点上应力分 量σｙ和域内节点主应力差（σ１－σ２）．第一主应力方向角θ为原始数据的结构分 析光塑性成力计算的混合法，给出了基本微分方程和相应的差分方程。由本方法计算 得到的结果是令人满意的。