微纳马达在生物医疗领域中的应用

 作为微纳尺度的动力装置,微纳马达具有体积小、质量轻和驱动力大等优点,在传感检测、微纳加工和环境治理等方面表现出突出的优势,特别是在生物医疗领域具有巨大应用前景。本文阐述了生物医用微纳马达的制备及驱动控制方法,总结了微纳马达在药物靶向运输、细胞识别捕捉、纳米手术、吸附毒素及溶解血栓等生物医疗领域中的应用,并讨论了其在生物医疗领域面临的挑战和未来的发展方向。     

复杂金融网络中的系统性风险与流动性救助:基于不同网络拓扑结构的研究

以支付结算网络为例,通过构建复杂网络中的流动性循环模型,基于仿真模拟研究了不同网络拓扑结构和不同风险场景下的系统性风险与流动性救助问题.研究发现:1)网络拓扑结构对系统稳健性有显著影响,系统呈现出"稳健而脆弱"的特点,即网络节点间差异越小、相互连接越紧密,系统性风险发生的概率越小,但风险一旦形成,则后果更为严重;2)由于系统性风险的程度与系统流动性正缺口规模呈现线性正相关关系,在进行流动性救助时,基于节点流动性正缺口的救助资金配置方案均不劣于平均分配或基于冲击规模分配的方案,但在不同网络拓扑结构下,方案间的差异程度存在显著差异;3)在基于节点流动性正缺口的配置方案下,网络拓扑结构对不同救助顺序的效果也存在影响,但仅在网络节点间差异较大且中等救助规模下,影响才是显著的.     

艺术品估价体系及运行机制研究

艺术品估价有着极其重要的应用价值和社会意义,但艺术品价值发现的不稳定性、多元性、多样态化、多层次及高度关联时序因素等特性,使艺术品的价值评判成为一项世界级的难题,很难用标准化的手段计量,因此,依据"有限数据,有效应用"原则,最大限度地归纳影响艺术品估价的主要因素,在此基础上总结艺术品估价的基本步骤,构建艺术品的估价模型.潍坊银行在艺术品估价的实践上做了多方面的研究与探索,将特征回归模型估价与经验估价相结合,并与其运行机制相匹配,建立起具有很强的专业性、操作性和实用性的艺术品估价体系.     

朝鲜崖柏生境及高生长规律分析

采用标准地调查法测定朝鲜崖柏的土壤特征、林下植被和高生长规律.结果表明:朝鲜崖柏生长于土层较薄且呈弱酸性的山地暗棕壤,不同标准地林下植被差异明显;不同标准地朝鲜崖柏树高的年生长量均呈逐年下降趋势.     

Influences of ultrasonic irradiation on the morphology and structure of nanoporous Co nanoparticles during chemical dealloying

The Co-61.8 wt% Al nanoparticles of 45 nm were prepared by hydrogen plasma-metal reaction (HPMR) method. The nanoparticles display core shell structure with Al13Co4 and CoAl core and aluminum oxide shell (about 2 nm). Under ultrasonic irradiation, nanoporous fcc-Co nanoparticles were produced successfully by chemically dealloying the Co-Al nanoparticles at room temperature, whereas, without ultrasonic irradiation CoAl phase could hardly react with sodium hydroxide solution. At 323 K the Co-Al nanoparticles could be dealloyed to fcc-Co and hcp-Co phases even without ultrasonic irradiation. The surface area of the dealloyed nanoparticles under ultrasonic irradiation was larger than that of the dealloyed sample without ultrasonic irradiation at the same temperature. It is believed that the microjet and shock-wave induced by ultrasonic irradiation give rise to particles size reduction, interparticle collision and surface cleaning, and accelerate the dealloying process and the phase transformation.     

Universalities of earthquake-network characteristics

The scale-free and small-world properties are studied in detail for the complex earthquake networks constructed from the seismic data sets taken from California (USA), Japan, Iran and Chile. It is found that, in all these geographical regions, both the exponent / of the power-law connectivity distribution and the clustering coefficient C take the universal invariant values /≈1 and C≈0.85, respectively, as the cell size, which is the scale of coarse graining needed for construction of network, becomes larger than a certain value. A possible physical interpretation is given to the emergence of such remarkable invariance.     

玉米秸秆稀酸预水解液两种脱毒方法的研究

以玉米秸秆稀酸预水解液为原料,研究了减压蒸发和络合萃取两种脱毒方法对乙酸等抑制物的去除情况。结果表明:玉米秸秆稀酸预水解液减压蒸发脱毒,糠醛完全被去除,而5-羟甲基糠醛则基本不能被去除;当水解液浓缩5.80倍时,其浓缩液中乙酸质量浓度和去除率分别为4.06 g/L和60.45%。络合萃取脱毒的最佳条件:络合萃取剂的组成为30%三烷基胺+50%正辛醇+20%煤油,油水相比2∶1,温度25℃,时间60 min,此时脱毒液中乙酸质量浓度和去除率分别为1.43 g/L和52.33%,糠醛完全被去除,5-羟甲基糠醛的去除率为27.78%。     

添加外源物对蒸汽爆破玉米秸秆酶水解性能的影响

研究了8种添加物辅助单、双酶水解蒸汽爆破玉米秸秆的效果和规律。结果表明,在8种外源物中,添加Tween-80对β-葡萄糖苷酶和纤维素酶水解的促进作用最佳,可显著提高酶水解得率和酶活的稳定性。在底物纤维素质量浓度为50 g/L、纤维素酶用量为15.0μmol/(min.g)、β-葡萄糖苷酶用量为30.0μmol/(min.g)的条件下,添加4.0 g/L Tween-80反应48 h,纤维素水解生成葡萄糖和总还原糖的酶解得率分别达到86.85%和93.45%,较空白对照分别提高了7.34%和9.59%,其中可发酵性葡萄糖占总还原糖的92.94%。进一步考察该酶解条件下的蛋白质和酶活回收率,结果表明:添加Tween-80后可溶性总蛋白质的回收率提高了56.83%,β-葡萄糖苷酶和纤维素酶酶活回收率分别提高了16.87%和40.04%。     

Genome sequence and analysis of the tuber crop potato

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the world's most important non-grain food crop and is central to global food security. It is clonally propagated, highly heterozygous, autotetraploid, and suffers acute inbreeding depression. Here we use a homozygous doubled-monoploid potato clone to sequence and assemble 86% of the 844-megabase genome. We predict 39,031 protein-coding genes and present evidence for at least two genome duplication events indicative of a palaeopolyploid origin. As the first genome sequence of an asterid, the potato genome reveals 2,642 genes specific to this large angiosperm clade. We also sequenced a heterozygous diploid clone and show that gene presence/absence variants and other potentially deleterious mutations occur frequently and are a likely cause of inbreeding depression. Gene family expansion, tissue-specific expression and recruitment of genes to new pathways contributed to the evolution of tuber development. The potato genome sequence provides a platform for genetic improvement of this vital crop.