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81.
A. Thienemann 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1948,4(10):411-411
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
82.
83.
A. Policard 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1948,4(3):113-114
Summary By means of intratracheal injection, particles of metalloid silicium about five microns in size are introduced into the lungs of guinea pigs, and the secondary parenchymatous reactions are studied from 10 minutes to 105 days. In the dust cells, the silicium is progressively broken up into very small particles of less than 1 micron in size. The cells do not show degeneration or mummification as the ordinary silica cells (Mavrogordato) do. 相似文献
84.
Aldose reductase and aldehyde reductase belong to the aldo-keto reductase superfamily of enzymes whose members are responsible
for a wide variety of biological functions. Aldose reductase has been identified as the first enzyme involved in the polyol
pathway of glucose metabolism which converts glucose into sorbitol. Glucose over-utilization through the polyol pathway has
been linked to tissue-based pathologies associated with diabetes complications, which make the development of a potent aldose
reductase inhibitor an obvious and attractive strategy to prevent or delay the onset and progression of the complications.
Structural studies of aldose reductase and the homologous aldehyde reductase in complex with inhibitor were carried out to
explain the difference in the potency of enzyme inhibition. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of
previous studies to aid the development of aldose reductase inhibitors that may have less toxicity problems than the currently
available ones.
Received 4 December 2006; received after revision 12 February 2007; accepted 20 April 2007 相似文献
85.
Liu F Thirumangalathu S Gallant NM Yang SH Stoick-Cooper CL Reddy ST Andl T Taketo MM Dlugosz AA Moon RT Barlow LA Millar SE 《Nature genetics》2007,39(1):106-112
Fungiform taste papillae form a regular array on the dorsal tongue. Taste buds arise from papilla epithelium and, unusually for epithelial derivatives, synapse with neurons, release neurotransmitters and generate receptor and action potentials. Despite the importance of taste as one of our five senses, genetic analyses of taste papilla and bud development are lacking. We demonstrate that Wnt-beta-catenin signaling is activated in developing fungiform placodes and taste bud cells. A dominant stabilizing mutation of epithelial beta-catenin causes massive overproduction of enlarged fungiform papillae and taste buds. Likewise, genetic deletion of epithelial beta-catenin or inhibition of Wnt-beta-catenin signaling by ectopic dickkopf1 (Dkk1) blocks initiation of fungiform papilla morphogenesis. Ectopic papillae are innervated in the stabilizing beta-catenin mutant, whereas ectopic Dkk1 causes absence of lingual epithelial innervation. Thus, Wnt-beta-catenin signaling is critical for fungiform papilla and taste bud development. Altered regulation of this pathway may underlie evolutionary changes in taste papilla patterning. 相似文献
86.
tRNase Z: the end is not in sight 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Although the enzyme tRNase Z has only recently been isolated, a plethora of data has already been acquired concerning the
enzyme. tRNase Z is the endonuclease that catalyzes the removal of the tRNA 3′ trailer, yielding the mature tRNA 3′ end ready
for CCA addition and aminoacylation. Another substrate cleaved by tRNase Z is the small chromogenic phosphodiester bis(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate (bpNPP), which is the smallest tRNase Z substrate known so far. Hitherto the biological function as
tRNA 3′-end processing enzyme has been shown only in one prokaryotic and one eukaryotic organism, respectively. This review
summarizes the present information concerning the two tRNase Z substrates pre-tRNA and bpNPP, as well as the metal requirements
of tRNase Z enzymes.
Received 29 March 2007; received after revision 15 May 2007; accepted 21 May 2007 相似文献
87.
88.
A. Weber 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1948,4(10):394-395
Summary All sensory endings of the trigeminal nerve in the dura mater of the rat are formed by a small swelling, from which continues themetaterminal apparatus, fine filaments at the limit of visibility. Periodically the fine granules at the extremity of the filaments swell, whereas the fibrils themselves disappear, leaving a small, round, argentophil mass. Later the filaments reappear, then redeposit their debris, which persists for a time.Thus the metaterminal apparatus manifests cyclic variations, which recall the transitory existence of collaterals observed duringin vivo orin vitro development of nerve fibres. 相似文献
89.
90.
Dhar-Chowdhury P Malester B Rajacic P Coetzee WA 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2007,64(23):3069-3083
Glycolysis is an evolutionary conserved metabolic pathway that provides small amounts of energy in the form of ATP when compared
to other pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation or fatty acid oxidation. The ATP levels inside metabolically active cells
are not constant and the local ATP level will depend on the site of production as well as the respective rates of ATP production,
diffusion and consumption. Membrane ion transporters (pumps, exchangers and channels) are located at sites distal to the major
sources of ATP formation (the mitochondria). We review evidence that the glycolytic complex is associated with membranes;
both at the plasmalemma and with membranes of the endo/sarcoplasmic reticular network. We examine the evidence for the concept
that many of the ion transporters are regulated preferentially by the glycolytic process. These include the Na+/K+-ATPase, the H+-ATPase, various types of Ca2+-ATPases, the Na+/H+ exchanger, the ATP-sensitive K+ channel, cation channels, Na+ channels, Ca2+ channels and other channels involved in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Regulation of these pumps, exchangers and ion channels by the glycolytic process has important consequences
in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes, and a better understanding of this mode of regulation may
have important consequences for developing future strategies in combating disease and developing novel therapeutic approaches.
Received 20 July 2007; received after revision 30 July 2007; accepted 17 August 2007 相似文献