Analysis for retrieval and validation results of FY-3 Total Ozone Unit (TOU)

Retrieval experiment was made for global total column ozone using the first year measurements of Total Ozone Unit (TOU) on board the second generation polar orbiting meteorological satellite of China, FY-3/A. The retrieval results were analyzed and validated by comparison with AURA/OMI, Meteop/GOME-2 global ozone products and ground-based ozone measurement data. The qualititative comparisons over the globe especially over Antarctica and the Tibetan Plateau show that the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics are consistent with OMI and GOME-2 products. The quantitative comparisons with ground-based measurements and AURA/OMI ozone product were made over 74 stations, the TOU total ozone retrieval has a 3% rms relative error compared with AURA/OMI ozone product and 4.2% rms relative error with ground-based measurements. The maximum difference between satellite retrieval and ground-based measurements was found in the Antarctica ozone hole. The TOU global ozone product is operational and distributed to all users.     

The program structure designing and optimizing tests of GRAPES physics

According to the modularization and standardization of program structure in Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System （GRAPES）, the plug-compatible and transplantable regional meso-scale and global middle-range physics software package is established. The package＇s component integrality is comparative with the other advanced models physics. A three-level structure of connecting GRAPES physics and dynamic frame has been constructed. The friendly interface is designed for users to plug in their own physics packages. Phenomenon of grid-point storm rainfall in numerical prediction is analyzed with the numerical tests. The scheme of air vertical velocity calculation is improved. Opti- mizing tests of physics schemes are performed with the correlative parameters adjusting. The results show that the false grid-point storm rainfall is removed by precipitation scheme improving. Then the score of precipitation forecast is enhanced.     

浅析日语口语能力的提高

日语作为一种交际语言在当今世界起着越来越重要的作用，但通过调查，结果发现大学生的口语交际能力欠缺，其主要原因在于缺乏语境意识及文化意识。为了提高口语表达能力，必须从语音入手，加强听力训练，以说为主，全面提供各方面的素质。笔者指出，这只是初步的研究，教学方法的有效运用还有待于进一步的实践。     

Incorporating temporal variability to improve geostatistical analysis of satellite-observed CO2 in China

Observations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2 ) from satellites offer new data sources to understand global carbon cycling. The correlation structure of satellite-observed CO2 can be analyzed and modeled by geostatistical methods, and CO2 values at unsampled locations can be predicted with a correlation model. Conventional geostatistical analysis only investigates the spatial correlation of CO2 , and does not consider temporal variation in the satellite-observed CO2 data. In this paper, a spatiotemporal geostatistical method that incorporates temporal variability is implemented and assessed for analyzing the spatiotemporal correlation structure and prediction of monthly CO2 in China. The spatiotemporal correlation is estimated and modeled by a product-sum variogram model with a global nugget component. The variogram result indicates a significant degree of temporal correlation within satellite-observed CO2 data sets in China. Prediction of monthly CO2 using the spatiotemporal variogram model and spacetime kriging procedure is implemented. The prediction is compared with a spatial-only geostatistical prediction approach using a cross-validation technique. The spatiotemporal approach gives better results, with higher correlation coefficient (r2 ), and less mean absolute prediction error and root mean square error. Moreover, the monthly mapping result generated from the spatiotemporal approach has less prediction uncertainty and more detailed spatial variation of CO2 than those from the spatial-only approach.     

乌鲁木齐市居民休闲活动特征研究

乌鲁木齐作为新疆维吾尔自治区的首府城市,213万市民在工作日及双休日的休闲活动的现状有其不同于中东部大中城市的特点,文章在问卷调查的基础上,分析了乌鲁木齐市民工作日及双休日休闲活动的类型、乌鲁木齐市民对冬季休闲活动的满意程度、休闲活动目的及对乌鲁木齐市整体环境评价等协特征,并提出了一些建议.     

江苏如东近海绿潮藻分子检测与类群演替分析

2007年以来,中国青岛、连云港、如东等黄海沿海连续4年爆发绿潮现象,尤其2008年青岛爆发了世界最大规模绿潮,造成了严重的生态危害.2009年,我们对江苏省如东海域绿潮藻进行了调查和监测,选取紫菜养殖架和防波堤坝上的11个固着样品以及海区15个漂浮样品,对其ITS及5.8S rDNA和叶绿体rbcL基因序列进行了分子系统发育和类群演替分析.结果显示,如东沿岸堤坝和紫菜养殖筏架具有大量固着生长的浒苔类绿潮藻,其海区漂浮绿潮藻团出现时间也最早,并逐渐北移;ITS序列分析将如东样品聚为5个类群,即Ulva compressa类群(6个样品)、Ulva linza-procera-prolifera(LPP)复合体类群(12个样品)、Ulva flexuosa类群(3个样品)、Blidingia sp.类群(3个样品)以及Urospora spp.类群(2个样品),而rbcL序列较为保守,26个样品只聚为4个类群.DNA序列分析表明,如东海区漂浮与固着绿潮藻类群构成相同,亲缘关系较近,漂浮绿潮藻优势类群先后出现次序为:U.compressa,U.flexuosa及LPP,最终漂浮种与2008年黄海绿潮优势种的ITS...     

FY-3 satellite Ultraviolet Total Ozone Unit

FY-3 satellites are Chinese second-generation polar orbit meteorological satellite series. Ultraviolet Total Ozone Unit (TOU) is one of the main payloads on FY-3 satellite and the first instrument for daily global coverage of total ozone monitoring in China. The main purpose of TOU is to measure the Earth backscatter ultraviolet radiation for retrieving daily global map of atmospheric ozone. TOU will provide the important parameters for environmental monitoring, climate forecasting and global climate changi...     

Glacial distribution and mass balance in the Yarlung Zangbo River and its influence on lakes

Glaciers in the Yarlung Zangbo River witness severe glacial retreat nowadays, which gives important influence on lake processes in the region. We have studied glacial distribution, glacial mass balance and found large deficit in glacial mass and its impact in the region. Our study also integrated the variation in glacial-fed lakes of the Nam Co and Ranwu Lake, and presented an initial assessment of the impact of glacial mass balance on lakes. The study has shown a significant contribution of glacial melting to recent lake expansion and lake level rising.     

Quantitative analysis of lake area variations and the influence factors from 1971 to 2004 in the Nam Co basin of the Tibetan Plateau

By using remote sensing and GIS technologies, spatial analysis and statistic analysis, we calculated the water area and volume variations of the Nam Co Lake from 1971-2004, and discussed their influence factors from the viewpoints of climatic change and water balance. Data source in this study includes bathymetric data of the lake, aerial surveyed topographic maps of 1970, remote sensing images of 1991 and 2004 in the lake catchment, meteorological data from 17 stations within 1971-2004 in the adjacent area...     

Photooxidation of Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines by molecular oxygen

Photooxidation of Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-DHP, 1a–1d) by direct irradiation (λ > 300 nm) under an oxygen atmosphere has been carefully examined in this work. Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies demonstrate that photoinduced singlet electron transfer from 1,4-DHP to molecular oxygen occurs. The generated superoxide radical anion (O₂^–•) is responsible for this typical photochemical oxidation.