一种新的量子蚁群优化算法

 针对蚁群算法在求解连续空间优化问题时易于陷入局部最优和收敛速度慢的问题,提出了一种新的基于量子进化的蚁群优化算法。 该算法采用量子比特的概率幅表示蚂蚁当前位置信息;设计了一种新的量子旋转门更新蚂蚁位置, 完成蚂蚁的移动;最后采用量子 非门实现蚂蚁所在位置的变异, 增加位置的多样性。不仅从理论上证明了所提出算法的收敛性,而且通过仿真实验表明该算法可使 搜索空间加倍,比传统的蚁群算法具有更好的种群多样性,更快的收敛速度和全局寻优能力。     

IL-8-induced L-selectin shedding regulates its binding kinetics to PSGL-1

L-selectin plays a crucial role in inflammation cascade by initiating the tethering and rolling of leukocytes on endothelium wall. While many L-selectin molecules are rapidly shed from the cell surface upon activation, the remaining membrane-anchored L-selectin may still play an important role in regulating leukocyte rolling and adhesion with different binding kinetics. Here we developed an in vitro model to activate Jurkat cells via interlukin-8 （IL-8） and quantified the two-dimensional （2D） binding kinetics, using a micropipette aspiration assay, of membrane-anchored L-selectin to P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 （PSGL-1） ligand coupled onto human red blood cells （RBCs）. The data indicated that L-selectin shedding reduced the amount of membrane-anchored L-selectin and lowered both its reverse and forward rates. These results suggested that the rolling dynamics of activated leukocytes was determined by two opposite impacts： reducing the surface presentation would enhance the rolling but lowering the kinetic rates would decrease the rolling. This finding provides a new insight into understanding how L-selectin shedding regulates leukocyte rolling and adhesion.     

A new 3-D Gd-Cu heterometallic polymer [Gd2Cu3（bpy）2- （ip）6]·6H2O with a non-interpenetrated α-Po net

A new 3-D porous Gd-Cu heterometallic polymer [Gd2Cu3（bpy）2- （ip）6]·6H2O （1） （bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, H2ip = isophthalic acid） has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. Compound 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1and displays a 3-D non-interpenetrated α-Po net- work with 1-D channels filled transversely by the hexa-nuclear chain-like （H2O）6. The EPR and thermal stability of 1 were investigated.     

Progress in bionic information processing techniques for an electronic nose based on olfactory models

As a novel bionic analytical technique, an electronic nose, inspired by the mechanism of the biological olfactory system and integrated with modern sensing technology, electronic technology and pattern recognition technology, has been widely used in many areas. Moreover, recent basic research findings in biological olfaction combined with computational neuroscience promote its development both in methodology and application. In this review, the basic information processing principle of biological olfaction and artificial olfaction are summarized and compared, and four olfactory models and their applications to electronic noses are presented. Finally, a chaotic olfactory neural network is detailed and the utilization of several biologically oriented learning rules and its spatiotemporal dynamic propties for electronic noses are discussed. The integration of various phenomena and their mechanisms for biological olfaction into an electronic nose context for information processing will not only make them more bionic, but also perform better than conventional methods. However, many problems still remain, which should be solved by further cooperation between theorists and engineers. Supported by the National Creative Research Groups Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60421002) and National Basic Research Programme of China (Grant No. 2004CB720302)     

疾病基因网络的二分图投影分析

介绍了一种可揭示同一集合内部结点相互关系的二分网络投影方法,并运用此方法对基因疾病二分网络图做研究.通过遗传性疾病与致病基因的关联性来分析不同疾病之间隐含的相互关系,得出由相同的基因变异所引起的各种不同疾病之间存在着或多或少的联系,这些疾病比起毫无联系的疾病,其相互引发的概率也要大得多.此结论使我们能够更清楚地认识到遗传性疾病的发病机制,对疾病预防以及医疗诊断都有一定的参考价值.     

支持向量回归多参数的同时调节

参数调节问题是支持向量回归的基本问题.已有的参数调节方法主要采用内外双层优化框架,调节过程中,训练学习器与更新超参数交替进行.这种嵌套结构具有较高的计算复杂性.针对这一问题,提出了支持向量回归多参数的同时调节模型.首先,将Lagrange乘子、惩罚因子、不敏感度参数和核函数参数合并为一个参数向量,推导出支持向量回归问题的一个新的表示形式,可将原来分离的双层调节过程整合为一个单层调节过程.然后,应用贯序无约束极小化技术(SUMT),将支持向量回归问题转化为多元无约束优化问题.在此基础上,应用变尺度方法(VMM)设计、分析并实现了一个同时调节算法.最后,通过标准数据集上的实验,验证了同时调节算法的收敛性,并比较了同时调节算法与常用调节算法的有效性和计算效率.理论分析与实验结果表明,同时调节模型是一正确且有效的多参数调节模型.     

加氢站风险评价研究现状与进展

伴随着世界各国氢燃料电池车示范项目的实施,与之配套的氢能基础设施--加氢站也在全球范围内迅速发展.作为一种新兴的能源基础设施,能否为公众提供足够的安全,一直是政府和公众非常关心的问题.而目前国际上关于加氢站风险评价方面存在的主要争议,即是损害限和风险接受标准确定的问题.本文通过回顾国外加氢站风险评价的研究现状和进展,从危险辨识、概率分析、后果评价以及风险度量等方面总结了加氢站风险评价的方法,对氢能设施风险评价开展的基础--氢气行为及其后果等氢能安全进行了分析,在此基础上,进一步综述了近几年国际上在该领域研究取得的进展.     

基于非参数聚类和多尺度图像的目标跟踪

提出了一种基于非参数聚类和多尺度图像的目标跟踪算法.在利用改进的非参数颜色聚类进行自适应划分目标颜色空间的基础上,定义了目标模型和候选目标模型,该模型利用高斯函数建模颜色直方图中的每一个颜色特征位的空域分布; 根据Bhattacharyya系数的定义得到了目标模型和候选目标模型之间的相似性函数.跟踪算法利用高斯金字塔得到的多尺度图像进行从粗到细的目标空间定位;同时通过利用推导的核函数自动带宽选择公式,实现了目标尺度定位.实验结果表明该方法优于典型的均值漂移跟踪方法,从而验证了该方法的有效性.     

LNG冷能利用与废旧橡胶低温粉碎的集成优化

为降低废旧橡胶低温粉碎生产精细胶粉的能耗,提出了集成利用LNG冷能的废旧橡胶液氮低温粉碎法和低温氮气粉碎法的模型,研究结果表明：⑴ 空分装置利用LNG冷能,可将液氮等液体空分产品的生产能耗降低60.2％,利用LNG冷能可节省用电244.3kW•h/t,冷能利用的火用效率达到60.7％,可为废旧橡胶低温粉碎装置提供廉价的液氮;⑵ 如果紧临LNG接收站建立废旧低温粉碎装置,直接空分副产的氮气和LNG冷能生产低温氮气用于废旧橡胶的冷冻和粉碎,相对空气涡轮膨胀机制冷法,利用1.0t LNG携带的冷能可节省用电342.9kWh,冷能利用的火用效率为63.4％。     

软测量技术在铁矿石表面温度检测中的应用

针对进行熔滴试验来分析铁矿石的高温性能中铁矿石表面温度很难直接获得的困难,提出了运用软测量技术实现在线检测铁矿石的表面温度,以取代原有的拉格朗日插值法进行表面温度离线估算。该方法采用L-M优化算法,通过建立神经网络软测量模型,并结合神经网络的离线学习,建立输入变量和目标变量的对应关系,实现试样试验中铁矿石表面温度的在线检测。仿真结果和对比实验比较结果均表明该方法是合理可行的。