电刺激肌力控制的新技术

利用宽范围内变化的运动单位动作电位发放率和募集控制模式来调节骨骼肌的收缩力,克服了神经肌肉电刺激技术中一个长期存在的障碍。对于猫的腓肠肌,控制模式中运动单位的募集可以控制初始肌力的50%直至100%。对应于线性增加的募集,肌力响应也是线性的,而对应于发放率,肌力出现非线性饱和段。     

Baclofen prevents rapid amygdala kindling in adult rats

This study investigates the effect of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA_B) agonist, baclofen, on amygdala kindling in adult rats. Baclofen has been reported to be anticonvulsant in a variety of seizure models and prevents kindling in immature rats. These experiments describe the effects of baclofen (2, 5 and 10 mg/kg, i.p.) on the afterdischarge threshold and kindling rate. Baclofen, 10 mg/kg, significantly increased the afterdischarge threshold in the amygdala. Baclofen at 5 and 10 mg/kg, retarded the rate of kindling as measured by the number of stimuli required to advance to subsequent seizure stages. These results suggest that baclofen may decrease the local excitability of the amygdala and retard the rate of seizure spread (or generalization) throughout the brain. Baclofen, acting at GABA_B receptors exerts an anticonvulsant effect on amygdala kindling in these experiments.     

Gene inactivation triggered by recognition between DNA repeats

This chapter focuses on phenomena of gene inactivation resulting from the presence of repeated gene copies within the genome of plants and fungi, and on their possible relationships to homologous DNA-DNA interactions. Emphasis is given to two related premeiotic processes: Methylation Induced Premeiotically (MIP) and Repeat-Induced Point mutation (RIP) which take place in the fungiAscobolus immersus andNeurospora crassa, respectively. The relationships between these processes and genetic recombination are discussed.     

Dissociated cell suspensions ofCarcinus maenas Y-organs as a tool to study ecdysteroid production and its regulation

In vitro ecdysteroid production by dissociated Y-organ cells of the shore crabCarcinus maenas was characterized during short-term incubations. Under optimized conditions (M199 adjusted to crab osmolality and with the addition of 10% foetal calf serum), ecdysteroid production by dispersed cells increased linearly during 4-hour incubations, with little intra-assay variation. 25-deoxyecdysone was mainly produced. PurifiedCarcinus molt inhbiting hormone (CamMIH) produced a dose-dependent inhibition of ecdysteroid production by dispersed cells. The cells were about 50 times more sensitive than whole glands to MIH. Other structurally-related peptides were tested.     

Protective effect of Shigyaku-to,a traditional Chinese herbal medicine,on the infection of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in mice

The antiviral activity of Shigyaku-to (TJS-109), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, was investigated in mice infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). TJS-109 is a combination of the medicinal plant extracts fromZingiberis siccatum rhizoma,Aconiti tuber andGlycyrrhizae radix in a specific proportion. Mice infected with a 10 LD₅₀ dose of HSV-1 were treated with TJS-109 orally at doses of 1.25 to 20 mg/kg 2 days before, and 1 and 4 days after the infection. The treated groups had 80% (1.25 mg/kg), 40% (5 mg/kg) and 23% (20 mg/kg) mortality rates 25 days after the infection as compared with a 100% mortality rate in control mice treated with saline. When HSV-1 infected mice (recipients) received CD8⁺T cell fractions derived from spleens of mice treated with TJS-109 (donors), 70% of recipients survived, as compared with 0% survivors in the groups of mice treated with saline, B cell fractions, CD4⁺ T cell fractions or macrophage-enriched fractions prepared from the same donors. TJS-109 did not show any virucidal activities against HSV-1 or any virostatic activities on the growth of HSV-1 in Vero cells. These results suggest that TJS-109 protected mice exposed to lethal amounts of HSV-1 through the activation of CD8⁺ T cells.     

Inhibition of glucose transport in human erythrocytes by 2,3-dioxoindole (Isatin)

10 mM isatin (2,3-dioxoindole) inhibited glucose influx into human erythrocytes by over 30%. The inhibition is of the competitive type, where the affinity constant (K_t) was increased from 5.71 (control) to 11.11 mM in the presence of isatin with no change in V_max (130 nmol/min/ml packed cells). The observed inhibition of sugar transport by isatin was not mediated through membrane–SH groups accessible to iodoacetate, iodoacetamide, DTNB, DNP or sodium arsenite. Isatin inhibited sugar transport in the presence of 2 mM harmaline, an alkaloid inhibitor of Na⁺, K⁺–ATP_ase activity. The inhibition was non additive which suggests that these two compounds interact with the same or a similar site on the erythrocyte membrane.     

Role of hsp70 in cytokine production

Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha are potent, multifunctional cytokine mediators of inflammation and immune responses that are produced primarily by activated monocytes and macrophages. Three published papers by different groups have shown that heat shock and chemical stress with heavy metal salts or sulfhydryl reagents, all of which induce the expression of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70), concomitantly inhibit the production of these cytokines in human monocytes and mouse macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide. These papers are reviewed and discussed in some detail. Other studies suggest that various anti-inflammatory drugs, including acetylsalicyclic acid, auranofin and dexamethasone, can also facilitate HSP expression in macrophages. However, while these studies are interesting, it is clear that not a great deal of work has been done and/or published in this area. Since many pharmaceutical companies are developing cytokine synthesis inhibitors as potential anti-inflammatory drugs, one aim of this article is to emphasize that understanding the molecular mechanism(s) that lead to increased HSP expression and decreased cytokine biosynthesis may assist in achieving this goal.     

模型校正在电子设备结构中的应用

为预测构件动态行为，用动力学有限元校正法建立某一航天用印刷电路板的动力学模型，用物理参数局部校正法导出物理意义明确的校正模型，用分步实验校正法提高模型的可靠度。结果表明，校正模型具有更大的适应性和可靠性。     

Nb对Li／MgO甲烷氧化偶联催化剂的助催化作用

Ｌｉ／ＭｇＯ甲烷氧化偶联催化剂引入铌的氧化物可降低活性温度，７５０℃以下便达到最高Ｃ２烃产率。铌与锂、镁有多种结合方式，引入方法对活性测试结果有重要影响。铌不与镁紧密结合且分布于锂、镁之间时作用最好。