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71.
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73.
Herbert Meschkowski 《Archive for History of Exact Sciences》1976,2(6):503-519
Ohne Zusammenfassung
Vorgelegt von
J. E. Hofmann 相似文献
74.
J Herbert 《Experientia》1989,45(10):965-972
This paper briefly reviews the formal properties of the photoperiodic time measurement apparatus of mammals and presents a hypothetical model for the operation of the neural systems responsible for reading and responding to the nocturnal pineal melatonin signal. The primary melatonin readout mechanism is held to be common to all species responsive to melatonin. It seems likely that this mechanism responds to relative changes in the duration and amplitude of the melatonin signal, rather than the absolute levels of melatonin encountered. A series of neural systems which exploit the calendar information provided by the primary readout is envisaged to vary between and within species, depending upon the neuroendocrine response under consideration. Of particular importance is a mechanism for comparing the relative duration of successive melatonin signals. These more complex elements are responsible for phenomena such as the effects of photoperiodic history and photorefractoriness. The brain may be able to encode an accumulated memory of melatonin signals and thereby define longer term intervals within the annual cycle. A series of response elements within the hypothalamus are engaged by the appropriately processed photoperiodic stimuli. For all elements of this model, their anatomical representations are poorly understood or, in certain cases, completely unknown. 相似文献
75.
76.
M. F. Feldlaufer J. A. Svoboda E. W. Herbert Jr 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1986,42(2):200-201
Summary Makisterone A, a 28-carbon ecdysteroid (molting hormone) has been isolated from the ovaries of queen bees. Analysis by reversed-phase and silica high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in conjunction with a radioimmune assay (RIA) revealed about 11 ng of makisterone A present per gram of ovaries on a fresh weight basis. No C27 ecdysteroids were detected. The predominant neutral sterol present was 24-methylenecholesterol. 相似文献
77.
78.
Market Segmentation Using Brand Strategy Research: Bayesian Inference with Respect to Mixtures of Log-Linear Models 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper presents a Bayesian model based clustering approach for dichotomous item responses that deals with issues often
encountered in model based clustering like missing data, large data sets and within cluster dependencies. The approach proposed
will be illustrated using an example concerning Brand Strategy Research. 相似文献
79.
Exercise-induced BCL2-regulated autophagy is required for muscle glucose homeostasis 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
He C Bassik MC Moresi V Sun K Wei Y Zou Z An Z Loh J Fisher J Sun Q Korsmeyer S Packer M May HI Hill JA Virgin HW Gilpin C Xiao G Bassel-Duby R Scherer PE Levine B 《Nature》2012,481(7382):511-515
Exercise has beneficial effects on human health, including protection against metabolic disorders such as diabetes. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying these effects are incompletely understood. The lysosomal degradation pathway, autophagy, is an intracellular recycling system that functions during basal conditions in organelle and protein quality control. During stress, increased levels of autophagy permit cells to adapt to changing nutritional and energy demands through protein catabolism. Moreover, in animal models, autophagy protects against diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, infections, inflammatory diseases, ageing and insulin resistance. Here we show that acute exercise induces autophagy in skeletal and cardiac muscle of fed mice. To investigate the role of exercise-mediated autophagy in vivo, we generated mutant mice that show normal levels of basal autophagy but are deficient in stimulus (exercise- or starvation)-induced autophagy. These mice (termed BCL2 AAA mice) contain knock-in mutations in BCL2 phosphorylation sites (Thr69Ala, Ser70Ala and Ser84Ala) that prevent stimulus-induced disruption of the BCL2-beclin-1 complex and autophagy activation. BCL2 AAA mice show decreased endurance and altered glucose metabolism during acute exercise, as well as impaired chronic exercise-mediated protection against high-fat-diet-induced glucose intolerance. Thus, exercise induces autophagy, BCL2 is a crucial regulator of exercise- (and starvation)-induced autophagy in vivo, and autophagy induction may contribute to the beneficial metabolic effects of exercise. 相似文献