Inhibition of neural tube closure by ionophore A23187 in chick embryos

Summary Ionophore A23187 inhibited closure of the chick neural tube through its effects on cytoskeletal components.This study was supported in part by grants from the Research Council and the Charles and Johanna Busch Memorial Fund of Rutgers University. Ionophore A23187 was provided through the courtesy of Dr R.L. Hamill, Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.     

Beyond heuristics and biases: A contingency model of judgemental forecasting

The conflicting viewpoints about the quality of judgemental forecasts are examined and a model is proposed that attempts to resolve the conflict. The model sees forecasts as contingent upon the repertory of forecasting strategies that the forecaster brings to the forecasting task, the strategy that he or she selects as a function of the characteristics of the task, and the rigour with which he or she applies the strategy as a function of the motivating characteristics of the environment in which the task is encountered. The implications of differences in subjects' and experimenters' assumptions about which strategies are appropriate in experimental studies are examined, as are the implications of the differences between the motivating aspects of experimental and applied settings on both performance and on the generatizability of the results of experiments to applied judgemental forecasting.     

The effects of sodium and amiloride on the motility of the caudal epididymal spermatozoa of the rat

Summary The forward motility of the rat caudal epididymal spermatozoa has been studied in different Na⁺ concentrations. When spermatozoa were suspended in a completely Na⁺-free solution, the forward motility suffered a progressive fall and after 3 h was completely suppressed. This effect was fully reversible on resuspending the spermatozoa in a solution containing Na⁺. Amiloride caused a fall in motility and the effect was similar to that of Na⁺ removal. The inhibition by amiloride of the motility was concentration dependent and the dose response curve showed an IC₅₀-value of about 5×10^–5 M. The role of Na⁺ influx in the maintenance of sperm motility was discussed.This work was supported by the World Health Organization.The technical assistance of Mr C.M. Li and the gift of amiloride from Merck, Sharp and Dohme are gratefully acknowledged.     

韩国大学IT结构的发展

具有战略意义的信息系统会给一个组织带来极大的机遇,使其在执行商业计划和实现商业目标时获得极具竞争力的优势.大学信息系统始于最初的计算机应用,后来扩展到管理和教育信息系统,直至全方位的概念.通过实际分析和案例补充,当前的研究工作谨慎地选择了三所大学,主要基于其已经承担了从1995到2001年信息系统计划过程.而这三所学校可以从信息产业系统结构的三个组成部分(即信息结构、基结构和信息管理结构)进行比照.这三个系统领域涵盖了信息产业结构的发展,并影响着大学信息化的进程.作为满足当前客户需求的执行计划的一部分,市场中的一流大学通过获得教育和研究进步及管理效率化,将信息化作为获得更高竞争力的阶梯是显然的.研究分析结果显示,薄弱环节反映在信息管理结构上.由此,对于大学职员、管理者和教授而言,清楚信息系统的成功执行和维护的意义是至关重要的.我们的研究一定可以成为未来大学信息化工程的催化剂.