微生物肥料发展及作用机理综述

微生物肥料是一种具有特定功能的微生物活体制品,应用于农业生产,通过其中含微生物的生命活动,增加植物养分的供应量、促进植物生长、提高产量、改善农产品品质及农业生态环境。微生物肥料对改善化肥过量施用造成的土壤质地恶化、微生态环境失衡和农产品品质问题具有重要作用。本文就微生物肥料的发展历程及作用机理进行综述,总结了微生物肥料中功能微生物通过在土壤、植物根部定殖,对改变土壤微生物多样性、改善土壤中养分供应状况、释放植物促生长激素、提高土壤酶活性、增强植物系统抗性等方面的作用。分析了目前微生物肥料产业存在的问题,并对其发展方向进行展望,以期为我国微生物肥料的合理应用及产业发展提供依据和参考。     

佛山市敬老院304例老年人口腔保健知识及行为调查分析

目的调查分析佛山市敬老院老年人口腔保健知识和健康行为,为社区老年人的口腔疾病防治工作提供必要的信息。方法采用问卷调查法,于2013年对佛山市5间敬老院共304名老年人进行口腔自我保健知识及健康行为进行问卷调查。结果 1)口腔卫生习惯:每天早晚刷两次牙的占32.6%,更换牙刷的频率为3个月内定期更换一次仅占11.6%,日常使用过牙线清洁口腔仅占4.6%。2)就医行为:调查的老年人中60.5%对自己的口腔健康不满意,但仅有4.7%的人会定期接受口腔健康检查。3)接受口腔健康信息宣教的途径:不知道或认为所在社区没有进行过关于口腔健康信息宣传的占83.7%。4)对口腔保健知识及常见口腔疾病的防治知识的测试结果普遍较差。结论佛山市敬老院老年人的口腔保健知识贫乏,应加强对老年人口腔健康教育信息的宣传,建立良好的口腔健康行为。     

A new twist to the No Miracles Argument for the success of science

J. D. Trout has recently developed a new defense of scientific realism, a new version of the No Miracles Argument. I critically evaluate Trout's novel defense of realism. I argue that Trout's argument for scientific realism and the related explanation for the success of science are self-defeating. In the process of arguing against the traditional realist strategies for explaining the success of science, he inadvertently undermines his own argument.     

Little-known and phylogenetically obscure South African estuarine microgastropods (Mollusca: Truncatelloidea) as living animals

Areas of the Knysna estuarine bay in the Western Cape are dominated by three endemic South African truncatelloid microgastropods, temporarily known as ‘Hydrobia’ knysnaensis (Krauss), ‘Assiminea’ capensis (Sowerby) and ‘Assiminea’ globulus Connolly. Although first described 80–170 years ago and present in abundance (up to 100,000 m^?2), they remain surrounded by confusion and still await taxonomic assignment, largely because they appear most atypical members of their groups by virtue of anatomy and/or biogeography and/or habitat. This study contributes in-life perspectives to morphological and phylogenetic analyses known to be on-going. At Knysna, they are syntopic: at least two occurring in >85% and all three in >40% of individual 0.0026 m² samples from their region of dominance. Nevertheless, they tend to greater abundance in divergent microhabitats; ‘A.’ globulus dominating higher tidal levels, and ‘A.’ capensis and ‘Hydrobia’ lower ones; the former especially unvegetated sediment, the latter, if anything, seagrass. Interspecific feeding interactions appear unlikely to be responsible for these patterns, other evidence suggesting that all are maintained below carrying capacity. Field biology of ‘H.’ knysnaensis generally appears equivalent to that of northern-hemisphere intertidal hydrobiids and that of ‘A.’ globulus is typically assimineid, albeit at atypically low shore height. Unlike assimineids, however, ‘A.’ capensis is truly aquatic. The success of these truncatelloids in unusual circumstances may be consequent on the absence from South Africa of other microgastropod groups that fill their niches elsewhere in the southern hemisphere.     

Constructing and evaluating core inflation measures from component‐level inflation data

This paper undertakes a comprehensive examination of 10 measures of core inflation and evaluates which measure produces the best forecast of headline inflation out‐of‐sample. We use the Personal Consumption Expenditure Price Index as our measure of inflation. We use two sets of components (17 and 50) of the Personal Consumption Expenditure Price Index to construct these core inflation measures and evaluate these measures at the three time horizons (6, 12 and 24 months) most relevant for monetary policy decisions. The best measure of core inflation for both sets of components and over all time horizons uses weights based on the first principal component of the disaggregated (component‐level) prices. Interestingly, the results vary by the number of components used; when more components are used the weights based on the persistence of each component is statistically equivalent to the weights generated by the first principal component. However, those forecasts using the persistence of 50 components are statistically worse than those generated using the first principal component of 17 components. The statistical superiority of the principal component method is due to the fact that it extracts (in the first principal component) the common source of variation in the component level prices that accurately describes trend inflation over the next 6–24 months.     

基于老厂房改造的景观规划设计

随着城市化高速发展，老厂房再利用的问题日益急迫.上海是中国近代工业起源地,也是率先着手对彰显城市文脉的工业遗产进行调查和保护的历史文化名城.本文以上海典型案例入手，分析了具有代表性的老厂房改造的项目特点，并在此基础上，对常州大成三厂这一民国时期的纺织业遗留地块进行改造设计手法进行介绍，从设计理念、设计内容和节点设计3个方面，体现了文化传承和生态技术相融合理念.     

关于两个投影矩阵的相互关系

运用Moore-Penrose逆的定义及其性质和投影的定义去研究投影PR(A)和PR(AB)的相互关系,得到若干结果 .研究表明:若矩阵A,B满足如下条件:(1)BB*=I,(2)B为酉矩阵,(3)B为非奇异阵,(4)A是列满秩,B是行满秩,则两者相等;若对于任意矩阵A,B时,两者之间存在若干重要关系式,从而进一步刻画了它们的相互关系.     

Variations on a theme: Clifford’s parallelism in elliptic space

In 1873, W. K. Clifford introduced a notion of parallelism in the three-dimensional elliptic space that, quite surprisingly, exhibits almost all properties of Euclidean parallelism in ordinary space. The purpose of this paper is to describe the genesis of this notion in Clifford’s works and to provide a historical analysis of its reception in the investigations of F. Klein, L. Bianchi, G. Fubini, and E. Bortolotti. Special emphasis is placed upon the important role that Clifford’s parallelism played in the development of the theory of connections.     

基于极化单脉冲雷达扩展目标角度估计方法

当单脉冲雷达受到箔条质心干扰时, 将视为波束内存在两个不可分辨的目标, 由于目标和箔条干扰回波混叠耦合, 导致单脉冲测角偏差, 最终致使目标跟踪丢失。对此, 利用宽带单脉冲雷达测角精度高的优点和极化信息, 提出一种基于极化单脉冲雷达的扩展目标角度估计方法。首先，分析宽带单脉冲雷达体制下箔条质心干扰的特点, 给出扩展目标双极化和差信号模型。然后, 根据和、差通道极化回波信号, 通过联立方程组, 估计出目标和箔条干扰的到达角(angle of arrival, AOA), 为后续利用目标角度信息跟踪目标提供条件。最后，通过蒙特卡罗仿真实验分析关键参数对目标角度估计性能的影响, 并与传统单脉冲雷达体制的测角方法进行比较。理论分析和仿真实验表明, 在质心干扰条件下, 宽带单脉冲雷达估计目标AOA的性能要优于传统单脉冲雷达。