Transgenesis in fish

Gene transfer into fish embryo is being performed in several species (trout, salmon, carps, tilapia, medaka, goldfish, zebrafish, loach, catfish, etc.). In most cases, pronuclei are not visible and microinjection must be done into the cytoplasm of early embryos. Several million copies of the gene are generally injected. In medaka, transgenesis was attempted by injection of the foreign gene into the nucleus of oocyte. Several reports indicate that the injected DNA was rapidly replicated in the early phase of embryo development, regardless of the origin and the sequence of the foreign DNA. The survival of the injected embryos was reasonably good and a large number reached maturity. The proportion of transgenic animals ranged from 1 to 50% or more, according to species and to experimentators. The reasons for this discrepancy have not been elucidated. In all species, the transgenic animals were mosaic. The copy number of the foreign DNA was different in the various tissues of an animal and a proportion lower than 50% of F1 offsprings received the gene from their parents. This suggests that the foreign DNA was integrated into the fish genome at the two cells stage or later. An examination of the integrated DNA in different cell types of an animal revealed that integration occurred mainly during early development. The transgene was found essentially unrearranged in the fish genome of the founders and offsprings. The transgenes were therefore stably transmitted to progeny in a Mendelian fashion. Southern blot analysis revealed the presence of possible junction fragments and also of minor bands which may result from a rearrangement of the injected DNA. In all species, the integrated DNA appeared mainly as random end-to-end concatemers. In adult trout blood cells, a small proportion of the foreign DNA was maintained in the form of non-integrated concatemers, as judged by the existence of end fragments. The transgenes were generally only poorly expressed. The majority of the injected gene constructs contained essentially mammalian or higher vertebrates sequences. The comparison of the expression efficiency of these constructs in transfected fish and mammalian cells indicates that some of the mammalian DNA sequences are most efficiently understood by the fish cell machinery. Chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene under the control of promoters from Rous sarcoma virus, and human cytomegalovirus, was expressed in several tissues of transgenic fish. Chicken delta-crystallin gene was expressed in several tissues of transgenic fish.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

漫谈音乐院校钢琴副科教学的艺术

钢琴副科课是我国音乐院校针对非钢琴专业的学生开设的一门钢琴课程.本文以如何上好钢琴副科课为探讨的主要目的,从基础和提高视谱能力这两个角度来展开讨论,力图使学生学习更富有热情和效率,对知识的掌握更为主动和全面.     

分子间作用力对制备含有机废弃之水泥浆体影响研究

研究以水泥处理固体有机物时，有机物对水泥水化的影响。以膜流模式说明水份在水泥浆体内传输的现象。水膜存在半干之水泥浆体，其厚度小于100nm，膜流由离分压所驱动，而离分压来自分子间作用力。膜拟结果发现，水泥浆体内局部位置可用以进行水化之水量为Q=-Aslv／6vπ。当有机物添加在水泥浆体内时，会影响Hamaker常数，Aslv因此可能使膜流不稳定或完全抑制膜流，因而使水泥浆体内局部缺水，影响水化进行，造成成品强度降低，影响品质。     

用PowerPiont 2000制作电子教案

针对当前教学体制改革,用实例阐述了如何用PowerPiont2000制作电子教案,在教学过程中充分利用计算机、大屏幕投影设备等先进的教学设施,改变教学模式,提高学生的学习兴趣,提高教学效率。     

NH_4HCO_3作沉淀剂制备超细Ce-Zr-O粉末的研究

为寻求简便、合理的合成超细粉体的方法,利用NH4HCO3 作沉淀剂,通过考察料液配比、加料速度、升温速度等实验因素,得到了简单的合成超细 Ce Zr O粉末的工艺,并利用比表面积测定仪、激光粒度仪、XRD、Raman等仪器对相关产物进行了表征.结果表明:利用简单工艺合成的超细 Ce Zr O粉末具有中位粒径为0.30μm、比表面积为21.2 m2/g、悬浮性大于30 min、松装密度小于 1 g/cm3等性能,产物具有 CaF2 型的空间结构.     

枣离体授粉及胚珠培养初探

对晋矮1号×壶瓶枣的离体杂交以及杂交子房和胚珠的离体培养进行了研究.结果表明:附加1.0mg/LIBA的KM8p培养基对枣子房的离体培养较为适宜,ZT对子房的成活具有促进作用,子房的愈伤组织化可减缓子房室内胚珠的败育程度.     

改革物理课堂教学模式初探

通过对传统物理课堂教学模式弊端的分析,结合教学实践,提出增加设计性实验,开放实验室,激发学生兴趣,启迪思维,提高学生创新能力的教学改革方案.     

机器人路径规划的计算机模拟及统计分析

以计算机模拟为辅助工具 ,讨论了机器人路径规划的算法 ,提出一种简化算法二次规划 ,既可避免组合爆炸 ,又能得到一个较优的解 ,即满意解     

Induction of hemopoietic chimerism in the caprine fetus by intraperitoneal injection of fetal liver cells

Summary Intraperitoneal injection of allogeneic liver cells from 43-day-old male fetuses into normal 60-day female goat fetuses resulted in persistent hemopoietic chimerism in surviving recipients without clinical evidence of graft-versus-host disease. Transplantation of normal fetal liver cells into preimmunocompetent goat fetuses affected with -D-mannosidosis may provide an alternative strategy for evaluating hemopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of human lysosomal storage diseases.