岩溶区桩基承载特性研究综述

在岩溶区进行桩基施工时,应尽可能的避开溶洞,但不可避开的情况也普遍存在,因此岩溶区桩基承载特性研究是桩基发展过程中必须要面对的问题。本文从理论研究、物理实验、数值模拟三个方面对岩溶区桩基承载特性研究现状进行了分析,得到如下结论：现有承载力计算公式存在影响因素考虑不全的情况,后续理论研究应考虑多因素协同影响下单桩极限承载力计算公式推导。物理模型试验的变量较为单一,试验过程中常常忽略水对桩基承载特性的影响,后续研究应当重点考虑地下水及多因素的协同作用。原位实验开展较少,检测获得数据准确性有待提高,后续应开展更多的原位实验、现场破坏实验以获得更全面的桩基承载特性实验数据。数值模拟研究中溶洞模型的建立大多采用长方体、正方体、椭球体、球体等标准尺寸,这与实际地层溶洞三维几何尺寸不符,真实的溶洞几何模型的建立是未来重点的发展方向。     

非均衡数据下基于注意力网络和代价敏感学习的轨面状态识别

准确识别轨面状态,可为列车牵引/制动性能提升提供关键依据。重点针对传统代价敏感学习应用在非均衡轨面状态识别中存在的同类别样本重要性不同和多数类精度下降等问题,提出一种基于注意力网络和代价敏感学习的轨面状态识别方法。该法首先利用迁移学习思想将均衡数据集的特征迁移到非均衡轨面状态数据集,减轻少数类样本误分类影响;其次在骨干网络ResNet18中引入卷积注意力机制模块,增强网络对目标区域的特征学习能力和全局特征信息的感知性能,调整优化网络权重参数;最后构造依据轨面状态样本重要性大小的自适应加权平衡损失函数,降低决策边界对困难样本中多数类的过拟合,获得更加平滑的决策边界。非均衡数据下的实验结果表明,在3种非均衡比下,所提方法的准确率和召回率分别达到96.00%、90.67%、86.33%,与目前常用的方法Focal相比,分别提升了7.00%、2.34%、3.00%。此外,该方法在提高少数类召回率的同时可有效维持多数类的召回率,并且降低了网络训练时间成本。     

郑州西南郊埋藏型岩溶热储水化学特征

针对郑州市西南郊埋藏型下古生界碳酸盐岩中储存丰富的地热资源,开展了该区域主要热储层水化学剖面研究,分析了水化学及同位素特征。结果表明：地热流体水化学类型以SO₄-Ca、SO₄·HCO₃-Ca型为主,为弱碱性水、淡水-微咸水;通过热平衡分析结合离子分析综合判断,地热流体处于水岩作用初级阶段,采用石英温标估算热储温度为52.9～92.4℃,热储循环深度1 388～3 069 m;西部、西南部海拔606～920 m低山区的大气降水是主要补给源,在向东部平原漫长的迁移过程(运移速率1.571～0.129 m/a)中与碳酸盐岩矿物和石膏产生强烈的水-岩作用,并在深部的溶洞、溶隙及基岩裂隙中积蓄了大量的水热能,构造适宜地段,3 000 m深度有望获得70℃以上的地热流体。研究成果不仅深化了该地区下古生界碳酸盐岩热储层的水化学特征认识,还可进一步有效指导该地区水热型地热资源的勘探开发。     

羰基铁镍纤维的磁场诱导制备及结构特性研究

以羰基铁与羰基镍为原料,采用磁场诱导热分解法制备了羰基铁镍纤维.研究了羰基铁和羰基镍在不同的流量比下,所制备纤维的结构、形貌特征.结果发现:不同组份的羰基铁镍纤维,呈现不同的结构(bcc或fcc),且碳元素以不同形式存在,其形貌呈现直线型、“Y”型和“Z”形的特征.通过对羰基铁镍纤维生长机理的研究,发现纤维呈现不同形貌的原因,是由于受到晶体生长界面干扰的影响.通过对影响羰基铁镍纤维生长因素的调控(分解温度和磁场强度等),可改变羰基铁镍纤维的形貌和直径.     

三角形滑块的摩擦系数实验研究

采用摩擦实验机对普通滑块和三角形滑块进行实验研究,在不同的工作条件下测试出了摩擦副之间的摩擦系数,理论分析了摩擦系数变化原因。实验结果显示三角形滑块有利于动压油膜的形成,从而能够有效减少摩擦副之间的摩擦、磨损问题,且其参数h值越小越有利于动压油膜的形成。     

Association analyses identify multiple new lung cancer susceptibility loci and their interactions with smoking in the Chinese population

To find additional susceptibility loci for lung cancer, we tested promising associations from our previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) of lung cancer in the Chinese population in an extended validation sample size of 7,436 individuals with lung cancer (cases) and 7,483 controls. We found genome-wide significant (P < 5.0 × 10(-8)) evidence for three additional lung cancer susceptibility loci at 10p14 (rs1663689, close to GATA3, P = 2.84 × 10(-10)), 5q32 (rs2895680 in PPP2R2B-STK32A-DPYSL3, P = 6.60 × 10(-9)) and 20q13.2 (rs4809957 in CYP24A1, P = 1.20 × 10(-8)). We also found consistent associations for rs247008 at 5q31.1 (IL3-CSF2-P4HA2, P = 7.68 × 10(-8)) and rs9439519 at 1p36.32 (AJAP1-NPHP4, P = 3.65 × 10(-6)). Four of these loci showed evidence for interactions with smoking dose (P = 1.72 × 10(-10), P = 5.07 × 10(-3), P = 6.77 × 10(-3) and P = 4.49 × 10(-2) for rs2895680, rs4809957, rs247008 and rs9439519, respectively). These results advance our understanding of lung cancer susceptibility and highlight potential pathways that integrate genetic variants and smoking in the development of lung cancer.     

Involvement of Na<Superscript>+</Superscript>, K<Superscript>+</Superscript>-ATPase and its inhibitors in HuR-mediated cytokine mRNA stabilization in lung epithelial cells

Increasing evidence demonstrates that Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase plays an important role in pulmonary inflammation, but the mechanism remains largely unknown. In this study, we used cardiotonic steroids as Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase inhibitors to explore the possible involvement of Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase in pulmonary epithelial inflammation. The results demonstrated that mice after ouabain inhalation developed cyclooxygenase-2-dependent acute lung inflammation. The in vitro experiments further confirmed that Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase inhibitors significantly stimulated cyclooxygenase-2 expression in lung epithelial cells of human or murine origin, the process of which was participated by multiple cis-elements and trans-acting factors. Most importantly, we first described here that Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase inhibitors could evoke a significant Hu antigen R nuclear export in lung epithelial cells, which stabilized cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA by binding with a proximal AU-rich element within its 3′-untranslated region. In conclusion, HuR-mediated mRNA stabilization opens new avenues in understanding the importance of Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase, as well as its inhibitors in inflammation.     

空间信息网络中的资源映射与调度研究

目前空间信息网络中卫星资源不尽相同,且卫星节点的星间链路动态变化,给资源映射造成困难,使得网络资源利用不充分.如何实现空间资源利用的最大化,成为亟待解决的难题.为解决上述问题,提供了一种方法:首先,将卫星网络可以提供的资源和任务指标映射表达为多维矢量;再通过线性规划,使资源矢量和任务矢量相匹配,从而使网络资源能更充分地被利用.     

Influence of graphene microstructures on electrochemical performance for supercapacitors

The influence of variant graphenes on electrochemical performance for supercapacitors was studied comparatively and systematically by using SEM, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results revealed that: 1) the nitrogen-doped graphene (N-G) electrode exhibited the highest specific capacitance at the same voltage scan rate; 2) the specific capacitance of the N-G reached up to 243.5 F/g at 1 A/g, while regular graphite oxide (GO) was 43.5 F/g and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was 67.9 F/g; 3) N-G exhibited the best supercapacitance performance and the superior electrochemical properties, which made it an ideal electrode material for supercapacitors.