Crystal structure of the CorA Mg2+ transporter

The magnesium ion, Mg2+, is essential for myriad biochemical processes and remains the only major biological ion whose transport mechanisms remain unknown. The CorA family of magnesium transporters is the primary Mg2+ uptake system of most prokaryotes and a functional homologue of the eukaryotic mitochondrial magnesium transporter. Here we determine crystal structures of the full-length Thermotoga maritima CorA in an apparent closed state and its isolated cytoplasmic domain at 3.9 A and 1.85 A resolution, respectively. The transporter is a funnel-shaped homopentamer with two transmembrane helices per monomer. The channel is formed by an inner group of five helices and putatively gated by bulky hydrophobic residues. The large cytoplasmic domain forms a funnel whose wide mouth points into the cell and whose walls are formed by five long helices that are extensions of the transmembrane helices. The cytoplasmic neck of the pore is surrounded, on the outside of the funnel, by a ring of highly conserved positively charged residues. Two negatively charged helices in the cytoplasmic domain extend back towards the membrane on the outside of the funnel and abut the ring of positive charge. An apparent Mg2+ ion was bound between monomers at a conserved site in the cytoplasmic domain, suggesting a mechanism to link gating of the pore to the intracellular concentration of Mg2+.     

Spatial variation in response to odorants on the rat olfactory epithelium

Summary We have measured the electro-olfactogram produced by four odorants, nicotine, i-pentyl acetate, i-pentanoic acid and cineole from twelve positions on an in vitro preparation of rat olfactory tissue. Each odorant shows a different pattern of response over the twelve positions which can be explained by differences in olfactory receptor populations between regions of the rat olfactory epithelium.The result for nicotine is further evidence that there are olfactory receptors which are stimulated by nicotine when it is presented as a vapour.     

The experimental induction of pseudogamy in early mouse embryos

Zusammenfassung Nach Behandlung von Mäusesperma mit ultraviolettem Licht oder Röntgenstrahlen wurden bei vielen dreieinhalb Tage alten Embryonen von der Norm abweichende Chromosomensätze gefunden. Verschiedene waren haploid oder nahezu haploid; diese vermutlich durch Gynogenese entstandenen Embryonen waren gewöhnlich in ihrer Entwicklung zurückgeblichen. Behandlung der Spermatozoen mit Trypaflavin oder Toluidinblau führte zu ähnlich verzögerter Entwicklung, aber ohne klar beobachtbare Abnormalitäten des Chromosomensatzes. Es wird eine Theorie der gynogenetischen und androgenetischen Entwicklung von Mausembryonen aufgestellt, und und mit ähnlichen Entwicklungstypen bei Amphibien verglichen.     

The specificity of histones in nucleated erythrocytes

Riassunto Dagli eritrociti del pollo, dellaRana cateasbeiana e del pesceCaranx hippos sono stati isolati gli istoni nella ipotesi che gli eritrociti forniti di nucleo contengano una frazione di istone funzionante come repressore permanente della sintesi degli acidi nucleici. Detti istoni sono stati frazionati ed analizzati nella loro composizione in amino-acidi. In tutte e tre le speci su menzionate è stata trovata una frazione relativamente ricca in lisina, arginina, alanina, e serina che è stata denominata F2c. L'assenza di detta frazione negli altri tessuti incluso il midollo osseo indica che la frazione F2c può costituire un repressore genetico permanente.

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This investigation was supported by the U.S. Public HEalth Service Grant No. CA-07746, American Cancer Society Grants E-388 and IN-43-F2, and by the Robert A. Welch Foundation Grant G-138.