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931.
Langevin equation is widely used to study the stochastic effects in molecular networks, as it often approximates well the
underlying chemical master equation. However, frequently it is not clear when such an approximation is applicable and when
it breaks down. This paper studies the simple Schnakenberg model consisting of three reversible reactions and two molecular
species whose concentrations vary. To reduce the residual errors from the conventional formulation of the Langevin equation,
the authors propose to explicitly model the effective coupling between macroscopic concentrations of different molecular species.
The results show that this formulation is effective in correcting residual errors from the original uncoupled Langevin equation
and can approximate the underlying chemical master equation very accurately. 相似文献
932.
Application of artificial neural networks in global climate change and ecological research: An overview 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
ZeLin Liu ChangHui Peng WenHua Xiang DaLun Tian XiangWen Deng MeiFang Zhao 《科学通报(英文版)》2010,55(34):3853-3863
Fields that employ artificial neural networks (ANNs) have developed and expanded continuously in recent years with the ongoing development of computer technology and artificial intelligence. ANN has been adopted widely and put into practice by researchers in light of increasing concerns over ecological issues such as global warming, frequent El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, and atmospheric circulation anomalies. Limitations exist and there is a potential risk for misuse in that ANN model parameters require typically higher overall sensitivity, and the chosen network structure is generally more dependent upon individual experience. ANNs, however, are relatively accurate when used for short-term predictions; despite global climate change research favoring the effects of interactions as the basis of study and the preference for long-term experimental research. ANNs remain a better choice than many traditional methods when dealing with nonlinear problems, and possesses great potential for the study of global climate change and ecological issues. ANNs can resolve problems that other methods cannot. This is especially true for situations in which measurements are difficult to conduct or when only incomplete data are available. It is anticipated that ANNs will be widely adopted and then further developed for global climate change and ecological research. 相似文献
933.
For liquid Ti, it is difficult to achieve high undercooling because of its chemical reactivity; as a result, there is little information available on its properties and structure in the undercooled state. In this study, we investigate the density and structure, using molecular dynamics method, for the undercooling and superheating ranges 0-743 K and 0-457 K. The density increases quadratically for undercooling. At the melting temperature, the density is 4.14 g/cm3, and first and second temperature coefficients are obtained. The pair correlation functions and coordination numbers indicate that the short range degree of order becomes increasingly significant with increasing undercooling. 相似文献
934.
A box model of the interhemispheric thermohaline circulation (THC) in atmosphere-ocean for global climate is considered. By
using the generalized variational iteration method, the approximate solution of a simplified nonlinear model is studied. The
generalized variational iteration method is an analytic method, and the obtained analytic solution can be operated sequentially.
The authors also diversify qualitative and quantitative behaviors for corresponding physical quantities. 相似文献
935.
Diatom oxygen isotopes have been widely applied in quantitative reconstruction of the paleoclimate and paleoenvironment, but
have rarely been reported in China. In the present study, Lake Sihailongwan in Northeast China was selected for detailed investigation
of oxygen isotopic fractionation between diatom frustules and lake water induced by growth temperature. This study involved
a 2-year period of field monitoring of the lake water temperature at multiple depths and biweekly collections of traps for
both sediment and water at shallow and bottom depths (7 and 49 m below the lake surface, respectively), diatom separation
and purification of the trap sediments, and oxygen isotope measurement for diatom silica and lake water samples. The conditioned
experiment conducted herein demonstrated that the laboratory device, methods and techniques used in this study were capable
of generating reliable data for the typical oxygen isotope composition of diatom frustules. The data obtained revealed a prominent
linear relationship between the oxygen isotope composition of the modern diatom and lake temperature during growth. The fractionation
coefficient was about −0.185‰/°C−0.238‰/°C in the temperature range of 3.6–24°C, which is consistent with the observations
from various aquatic environments and laboratory culture with different diatom taxa. These findings provide strong support
for the dominant control of the growth temperature on the oxygen isotope fractionation between the diatom frustules and ambient
water. A notable difference in the fractionation coefficient was observed between the surface and bottom diatom oxygen isotopes,
suggesting that various depositional processes and taphonomic effects influenced the surface and bottom trap samples. Another
factor leading to this difference may be that enrichment by evaporation and dilution by rainfall have a stronger influence
on the surface. Overall, the results presented here demonstrate significant progress in evaluation of diatom oxygen isotopes
in China and draw attention to the differences between surface and bottom diatom oxygen isotope compositions. 相似文献
936.
A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique was developed as an online screening method to identify effective adsorbents for the peptide NH2-Cys-Thr-Trp-Trp-COOH (CW-4). To validate the SPR technique, several linear polymers containing amino acid residues were synthesized as models of their corresponding adsorbents. SPR screening of all the linear polymers demonstrated that the linear polymer containing phenylalanine residues (PPhe) exhibited the highest affinity for CW-4 among the polymers tested. In accordance with the screening results from SPR, the adsorbent containing phenylalanine (APhe) exhibited the highest adsorption capacity for CW-4. An interesting observation was that the amounts of CW-4 adsorbed on 3 adsorbents were quite small, even though both SPR and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiments indicated the presence of interactions between CW-4 and the three polymers. A kinetic analysis performed using SPR technology suggested such a phenomenon was ascribed to the poor stability of the CW-4/polymer complexes; that is, CW-4 associates with the polymers quickly, but it also dissociated quickly. The combined results suggested that SPR was a promising tool to identify the optimal adsorbent for peptides, analyze the interactions contributing to adsorption and explain adsorption phenomena using polymer models. 相似文献
937.
938.
新时期“,构建和谐校园”是“构建和谐社会”最重要的组成部分,在高等体育院校学生管理中,师生关系是学校里最重要的人际关系,直接影响高等体育院校培养高素质体育人才的质量,因此,积极探索适应时代的和谐师生关系是当务之急。本文通过分析当前高等体育院校学生管理中师生关系的现状及特点,针对现实存在的问题,对如何构建和谐师生关系进行深入的分析与思考,提出新时期构建和谐师生关系的理念和对策。 相似文献
939.
钾钙肥中有效氧化钾的测定 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
本文拟定了火焰光度法测定钾钙肥中有效氧化钾含量的条件 ,与四苯硼钠容量法比较 ,经F检验和t检验 .结果无显著性差异 ,完全可以代替四苯硼钠容量法用于钾钙肥中有效氧化钾的测定 ,是一种低耗快速的方法 相似文献
940.