全文获取类型
收费全文 | 42045篇 |
免费 | 71篇 |
国内免费 | 134篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 257篇 |
丛书文集 | 919篇 |
教育与普及 | 114篇 |
理论与方法论 | 245篇 |
现状及发展 | 18403篇 |
研究方法 | 1701篇 |
综合类 | 20015篇 |
自然研究 | 596篇 |
出版年
2013年 | 275篇 |
2012年 | 596篇 |
2011年 | 1215篇 |
2010年 | 265篇 |
2009年 | 207篇 |
2008年 | 741篇 |
2007年 | 766篇 |
2006年 | 808篇 |
2005年 | 816篇 |
2004年 | 780篇 |
2003年 | 766篇 |
2002年 | 762篇 |
2001年 | 1257篇 |
2000年 | 1156篇 |
1999年 | 796篇 |
1992年 | 740篇 |
1991年 | 600篇 |
1990年 | 644篇 |
1989年 | 616篇 |
1988年 | 619篇 |
1987年 | 657篇 |
1986年 | 643篇 |
1985年 | 787篇 |
1984年 | 654篇 |
1983年 | 540篇 |
1982年 | 469篇 |
1981年 | 454篇 |
1980年 | 591篇 |
1979年 | 1324篇 |
1978年 | 1107篇 |
1977年 | 1118篇 |
1976年 | 798篇 |
1975年 | 857篇 |
1974年 | 1250篇 |
1973年 | 1066篇 |
1972年 | 1091篇 |
1971年 | 1329篇 |
1970年 | 1744篇 |
1969年 | 1277篇 |
1968年 | 1219篇 |
1967年 | 1314篇 |
1966年 | 1101篇 |
1965年 | 797篇 |
1959年 | 471篇 |
1958年 | 707篇 |
1957年 | 592篇 |
1956年 | 501篇 |
1955年 | 419篇 |
1954年 | 484篇 |
1948年 | 301篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 468 毫秒
121.
T lymphocytes recognize antigen in the form of peptides that associate with specific alleles of class I or class II major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules. By contrast with the clear MHC allele-specific binding of peptides to purified class II molecules purified solubilized class I molecules either bind relatively poorly or show degenerate specificity. Using photo-affinity labelling, we demonstrate here the specific interaction of peptides with cell-associated MHC class I molecules and show that this involves metabolically active processes. 相似文献
122.
Structure of the detoxification catalyst mercuric ion reductase from Bacillus sp. strain RC607 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Several hundred million tons of toxic mercurials are dispersed in the biosphere. Microbes can detoxify organo-mercurials and mercury salts through sequential action of two enzymes, organomercury lyase and mercuric ion reductase (MerA). The latter, a homodimer with homology to the FAD-dependent disulphide oxidoreductases, catalyses the reaction NADPH + Hg(II)----NADP+ + H+ + Hg(0), one of the very rare enzymic reactions with metal substrates. Human glutathione reductase serves as a reference molecule for FAD-dependent disulphide reductases and between its primary structure and that of MerA from Tn501 (Pseudomonas), Tn21 (Shigella), p1258 (Staphylococcus) and Bacillus, 25-30% of the residues have been conserved. All MerAs have a C-terminal extension about 15 residues long but have very varied N termini. Although the enzyme from Streptomyces lividans has no addition, from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Tn501 and Bacillus sp. strain RC607 it has one and two copies respectively of a domain of 80-85 residues, highly homologous to MerP, the periplasmic component of proteins encoded by the mer operon. These domains can be proteolytically cleaved off without changing the catalytic efficiency. We report here the crystal structure of MerA from the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus sp. strain RC607. Analysis of its complexes with nicotinamide dinucleotide substrates and the inhibitor Cd(II) reveals how limited structural changes enable an enzyme to accept as substrate what used to be a dangerous inhibitor. Knowledge of the mode of mercury ligation is a prerequisite for understanding this unique detoxification mechanism. 相似文献
123.
The rough endoplasmic reticulum membranes of mammalian cells contain specific ribosome-binding sites. A purification to apparent homogeneity of a negatively charged protein (ERp180) of relative molecular mass 180,000 (180 K) was reported which was proposed to function as a rough endoplasmic reticulum ribosome receptor. We report here that ribosome-binding site activity quantitatively solubilized from rough endoplasmic reticulum membranes does not cofractionate with ERp180. By contrast, ribosome-binding site activity fractionates as a much smaller, positively charged protein. 相似文献
124.
Genotoxic effects of dithane M-45 were studied on the bone marrow cells of male albino mice (Lacca strain) in vivo. Different doses (30 mg, 40 mg and 300 mg/kg b.wt) of dithane M-45 were injected intraperitoneally and their effects were investigated after time intervals of 1, 2, 5 and 10 days. The chromosomal aberrations observed in the bone marrow cells of male mice after treatment with dithane M-45 were fragments, rings, dicentric chromosomes, terminal chromatid deletions, chromatid gaps and breaks. In addition to these chromosomal aberrations, physiological effects such as uneven stretching of chromatin material, end-to-end chromosomal associations, exchange configurations, clumping, stickiness and centromeric associations were also observed. 相似文献
125.
MacArthur DG Seto JT Raftery JM Quinlan KG Huttley GA Hook JW Lemckert FA Kee AJ Edwards MR Berman Y Hardeman EC Gunning PW Easteal S Yang N North KN 《Nature genetics》2007,39(10):1261-1265
More than a billion humans worldwide are predicted to be completely deficient in the fast skeletal muscle fiber protein alpha-actinin-3 owing to homozygosity for a premature stop codon polymorphism, R577X, in the ACTN3 gene. The R577X polymorphism is associated with elite athlete status and human muscle performance, suggesting that alpha-actinin-3 deficiency influences the function of fast muscle fibers. Here we show that loss of alpha-actinin-3 expression in a knockout mouse model results in a shift in muscle metabolism toward the more efficient aerobic pathway and an increase in intrinsic endurance performance. In addition, we demonstrate that the genomic region surrounding the 577X null allele shows low levels of genetic variation and recombination in individuals of European and East Asian descent, consistent with strong, recent positive selection. We propose that the 577X allele has been positively selected in some human populations owing to its effect on skeletal muscle metabolism. 相似文献
126.
127.
Albert-Weissenberger C Cazalet C Buchrieser C 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2007,64(4):432-448
The bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila is found ubiquitously in fresh water environments where it replicates within protozoan hosts. When inhaled by humans it can
replicate within alveolar macrophages and cause a severe pneumonia, Legionnaires disease. Yet much needs to be learned regarding
the mechanisms that allow Legionella to modulate host functions to its advantage and the regulatory network governing its intracellular life cycle. The establishment
and publication of the complete genome sequences of three clinical L. pneumophila isolates paved the way for major breakthroughs in understanding the biology of L. pneumophila. Based on sequence analysis many new putative virulence factors have been identified foremost among them eukaryotic-like
proteins that may be implicated in many different steps of the Legionella life cycle. This review summarizes what is currently known about regulation of the Legionella life cycle and gives insight in the Legionella-specific features as deduced from genome analysis.
Received 1 September 2006; received after revision 10 October 2006; accepted 22 November 2006 相似文献
128.
129.
130.