预测油气田产量的β模型

通过对油气田产量变化规律进行系统研究,推导建立了预测油气田产量的β模型。该模型不但可以预测油气田产量、累积产量随生产时间的变化,而且可以预测可采储量、最高年产量及其发生的时间。实例检验该模型是可信的。     

Natural variation at Strubbelig Receptor Kinase 3 drives immune-triggered incompatibilities between Arabidopsis thaliana accessions

Accumulation of genetic incompatibilities within species can lead to reproductive isolation and, potentially, speciation. In this study, we show that allelic variation at SRF3 (Strubbelig Receptor Family 3), encoding a receptor-like kinase, conditions the occurrence of incompatibility between Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. The geographical distribution of SRF3 alleles reveals that allelic forms causing epistatic incompatibility with a Landsberg erecta allele at the RPP1 resistance locus are present in A. thaliana accessions in central Asia. Incompatible SRF3 alleles condition for an enhanced early immune response to pathogens as compared to the resistance-dampening effect of compatible SRF3 forms in isogenic backgrounds. Variation in disease susceptibility suggests a basis for the molecular patterns of a recent selective sweep detected at the SRF3 locus in central Asian populations.     

Mutations in ISPD cause Walker-Warburg syndrome and defective glycosylation of α-dystroglycan

Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS) is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder characterized by complex eye and brain abnormalities with congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) and aberrant a-dystroglycan glycosylation. Here we report mutations in the ISPD gene (encoding isoprenoid synthase domain containing) as the second most common cause of WWS. Bacterial IspD is a nucleotidyl transferase belonging to a large glycosyltransferase family, but the role of the orthologous protein in chordates is obscure to date, as this phylum does not have the corresponding non-mevalonate isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway. Knockdown of ispd in zebrafish recapitulates the human WWS phenotype with hydrocephalus, reduced eye size, muscle degeneration and hypoglycosylated a-dystroglycan. These results implicate ISPD in a-dystroglycan glycosylation in maintaining sarcolemma integrity in vertebrates.     

Regulation of primary cilia formation and left-right patterning in zebrafish by a noncanonical Wnt signaling mediator, duboraya

Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles that project from the surface of nearly every animal cell. Although important functions of primary cilia in morphogenesis and tissue homeostasis have been identified, the mechanisms that control the formation of primary cilia are not understood. Here we characterize a zebrafish gene, termed duboraya (dub), that is essential for ciliogenesis. Knockdown of dub in zebrafish embryos results in both defects in primary cilia formation in Kupffer's vesicle and randomization of left-right organ asymmetries. We show that, at the molecular level, the function of dub in ciliogenesis is regulated by phosphorylation, which in turn depends on Frizzled-2-mediated noncanonical Wnt signaling. We also provide evidence that, at the cellular level, dub function is essential for actin organization in the cells lining Kupffer's vesicle. Taken together, our findings identify a molecular factor that links noncanonical Wnt signaling with the control of left-right axis specification, and provide an entry point for analyzing the mechanisms that regulate primary cilia formation.     

大型集装箱船拖曳水池敞开式风场中风阻试验与数值计算

就拖曳水池开展了风场研究,对敞开式风场风阻试验进行了可行性验证.在此基础上,对一缩尺比为1.0∶87.5的3 100箱集装箱船模进行了风阻测试与集装箱布置优化分析,结合一系列布置方案试验结果以及计算流体力学CFD数值模拟计算,讨论了集装箱布置对船舶风阻的影响.结果表明:敞开式风场中风阻试验是一种简单有效的新式测量方法;试验结果与CFD及ITTC推荐公式进行了交叉验证,具有一定可靠性,CFD在精度与细节模拟上效果更佳;布置优化可以有效减少大型集装箱船风阻.     

开圆孔波纹腹板钢梁弹性抗剪屈曲

进行了开有圆孔的波纹腹板钢梁腹板的弹性抗剪屈曲研究.建立了有限元模型,通过特征值屈曲分析得到弹性屈曲荷载.探讨了开孔腹板弹性屈曲应力与孔径大小、腹板高度、腹板厚度、开孔的横向偏心以及纵向偏心的关系.在已有的未开孔波纹腹板受剪屈曲承载力计算公式的基础上,通过大量的有限元数值计算,分析了各参数的影响,以折减系数的形式得到开孔后的弹性抗剪屈曲承载力计算公式.     

基于小波包和独立分量分析的微弱多源故障声发射信号分离

针对旋转机械设备中同时存在的裂纹、摩擦等多故障源信号难以检测和分离的问题,提出了一种基于小波包分析(WPA)与独立分量分析(ICA)的多源故障信号提取方法,即首先用WPA对含噪线性混合信号降噪预处理,由db2小波基函数进行5层分解后保留62.5~187.5kHz频段信号,然后采用ICA中的FastICA算法对降噪后的混合信号分离,最后对各通道分离出的信号用收缩函数进行频段内去噪处理.对不同输入信噪比的含噪微弱裂纹和摩擦信号进行提取和分析的结果表明,该方法能有效提取出输入信噪比大于-15dB的裂纹和摩擦信号.当混合信号信噪比为-15dB时,裂纹和摩擦信号的输出信噪比分别为-1.31和-1.36dB,相关系数分别为0.62和0.63,提取效果好于结合小波包和FastICA分离方法(信噪比分别为-1.74和-2.06dB,相关系数分别为0.59和0.59)以及单独采用FastICA算法(信噪比分别为-4.57和-4.31dB,相关系数分别为0.17和0.19).因此,所提出的综合WPA和ICA的方法是一种较好的多源微弱信号提取方法.     

海洋环境参数对Scholte波特性的影响

采用半无限海底的Scholte波模型并将其推广至分层海底,在直角坐标系下利用流体和弹性体中的波动方程,提出基于水平分层弹性海底模型的Scholte波的求解方法,结合简正波理论分析了Scholte波的频散特性及其质点运动轨迹和质点位移的传播特性,并分析了海洋环境参数(声速与海底参数)对Scholte波传播特征的影响.结果表明,Scholte波受海底介质中横波声速的影响最大,其频散曲线转折点可用于估算弹性沉积层厚度.     

农村中学化学实验开设情况调查与分析

结合中学新课标的总体目标及要求,采用问卷调查的形式,对农村中学化学实验教学现状进行了调查与分析.结果表明,目前农村中学化学实验教学观念陈旧,实验教学以演示为主,缺少学生分组实验及探究性实验.在农村中学化学教学中,转变实验教学观念及教学模式,加大经费投入,改善实验条件已成为亟待解决的问题.     

基于光流块统计特征的视频异常行为检测算法

提出了一种基于光流块统计特征的视频异常行为检测算法.该算法首先对训练集视频序列的光流场进行分块及预处理,而后提取光流块的统计特征,所提取的块统计特征同时包括了光流块的幅度信息和相位信息,通过训练集得到的光流块统计特征训练出对应的正常行为的高斯混合模型(GMM).测试集通过同样的方式提取光流块统计特征,通过计算所提取统计特征以多大的概率属于GMM判定所检测光流块的异常程度.实验结果表明,该算法能够在一定程度上解决运动物体一致性和部分遮挡问题,并提高了异常行为检测的准确率.