生物标志化合物在油源对比中的局限性

生物标志化合物是油源对比时最常用的方法,其在不同成熟阶段含量存在很大差异,对于多源或多期混合形成的油藏,单纯依靠其进行油源对比易造成油源误判。准噶尔盆地西北缘红车地区油藏,为多期多源油气充填形成,由于过分依靠生物标志化合物,而且没有注意到不同演化阶段其含量的变化,不同的学者得到了不同结果。将原油轻烃和生物标志化合物联用,有效地解决了该区的油源问题,并指出该区二叠系风城组和乌尔禾组来源的油的分布具有明显规律性,即红车断阶带中北段的二叠系和石炭系储层的油属于高成熟腐泥型油,来自风城组烃源岩;中南段侏罗系和白垩系的油属于偏腐殖型成熟原油,来自乌尔禾组烃源岩。     

智能井控系统的控制研究

智能井控系统是应用计算机对井口回压进行监测和实时控制的机、电、液一体化系统,系统采用计算机电液比例闭环控制。通过研究建立电液比例控制系统的数学模型,并采用PID控制和专家控制相结合的方法,结合石油天然气井控的相关知识实现对井控节流系统的计算机自动控制。该系统在塔里木现场试验获得圆满成功,系统工作稳定、压力超调量小、控制准确,具有广阔的应用前景。     

水套加热炉的失效分析

提高水套加热炉的可靠性并延长其安全使用寿命,对于油气集输系统的安全生产具有十分重要的现实意义。故障树分析方法是从分析失效因果关系中的顶部事件开始直到底部事件。它是由果到因、自上而下地进行分析,具有简明、直观、灵活的特点,是工程系统可靠性分析与评价的有效方法。文中对引起水套炉发生失效的各个因素进行系统分析,建立了以水套炉失效为顶事件的失效故障树。通过对水套炉故障树的定性分析,得到了故障树的各阶最小割集;通过对水套炉失效故障树结构重要度的计算,找出了底事件的薄弱环节,由此确立了水套炉失效的主要原因,并提出了相应的改进措施以提高水套炉的运行可靠性。     

交联聚合物溶液动态成胶时间确定及运移过程研究

进行了交联聚合物溶液在填砂管多孔介质中动态成胶及其运移过程实验,确定了交联聚合物溶液在填砂管多孔介质中的动态成胶时间,考察了交联聚合物溶液在填砂管多孔介质中的运移过程。结果表明,交联聚合物溶液动态成胶时间大于静态成胶时间,在该实验条件下,动态成胶时间为9~11天; LPS运移实验说明了交联聚合物溶液在填砂管多孔介质中具有良好的传播性。     

原油沥青质沉积引起储层损害的评价与控制

防止沥青质沉积造成的储层损害是疏松砂岩稠油油藏开发生产中遇到的技术难题之一。采用岩心流动实验装置,建立了可定量评价原油沥青质沉积所引起储层损害的新方法,并对沉积过程中影响损害程度的几种因素进行了系统的评价。另外,建立了沥青质沉积抑制剂和清除剂作用效果的评价方法,并筛选出适用于疏松砂岩稠油油藏的沥青质沉积抑制剂YZ-06和DA-80以及沥青质沉积清除剂L-01和L-02,从而形成了从室内评价沥青质沉积引起储层损害到化学方法控制该损害的储层保护新技术。     

钻井液处理剂对气体水合物形成的影响研究

海洋深水钻井过程中如钻遇浅层含气砂岩,气体进入钻井液,在海底低温和高压作用下易形成气体水合物,并堵塞井筒、环空或防喷器, 严重影响钻井工程。利用自制四氢呋喃旋转试管测试平台,实验研究了海洋钻井常用的钻井液处理剂（无机盐、有机盐、高分子聚合物）对气体水合物形成的影响。结果表明：无机盐、有机盐能很好地抑制水合物的形成,而聚合物在高浓度时才会有较好的抑制效果,低浓度时则会促进水合物形成。     

裂缝伤害对套管射孔压裂井产能影响分析

在套管射孔压裂井中,存在影响井生产动态的裂缝伤害:瓶颈裂缝和压裂液滤失形成的滤失带伤害。运用分析方法研究了上述伤害对井产能的影响。分析结果表明两种类型的裂缝伤害都会降低压裂井产能,与滤失带伤害相比,瓶颈裂缝大幅度地降低了井产能,最大降幅达7倍。虽然压裂液滤失对井产能的影响没有瓶颈裂缝那么大,但也降低多一半。在实际施工中,应采用各种措施消除瓶颈裂缝和减小压裂液滤失。     

黑墩目标区的构造几何学分析

黑墩目标区是新疆三塘湖盆地的一个三级构造单元,在燕山晚期—喜山期遭受强烈挤压作用,地层变形强烈,构造复杂。搞清楚目标区的构造特征成为寻找油气的首要任务。通过运用断层相关褶皱理论及可视化计算机技术对目标区三维地震数据体的解释,客观地认识到断层转折褶皱、生长断层转折褶皱及复合型三角构造楔是黑墩目标区的主要构造样式。     

A common genetic variant in the NOS1 regulator NOS1AP modulates cardiac repolarization

Extremes of the electrocardiographic QT interval, a measure of cardiac repolarization, are associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. We identified a common genetic variant influencing this quantitative trait through a genome-wide association study on 200 subjects at the extremes of a population-based QT interval distribution of 3,966 subjects from the KORA cohort in Germany, with follow-up screening of selected markers in the remainder of the cohort. We validated statistically significant findings in two independent samples of 2,646 subjects from Germany and 1,805 subjects from the US Framingham Heart Study. This genome-wide study identified NOS1AP (CAPON), a regulator of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, as a new target that modulates cardiac repolarization. Approximately 60% of subjects of European ancestry carry at least one minor allele of the NOS1AP genetic variant, which explains up to 1.5% of QT interval variation.     

Analysis of a RanGTP-regulated gradient in mitotic somatic cells

The RanGTPase cycle provides directionality to nucleocytoplasmic transport, regulating interactions between cargoes and nuclear transport receptors of the importin-beta family. The Ran-importin-beta system also functions in mitotic spindle assembly and nuclear pore and nuclear envelope formation. The common principle underlying these diverse functions throughout the cell cycle is thought to be anisotropy of the distribution of RanGTP (the RanGTP gradient), driven by the chromatin-associated guanine nucleotide exchange factor RCC1 (refs 1, 4, 5). However, the existence and function of a RanGTP gradient during mitosis in cells is unclear. Here we examine the Ran-importin-beta system in cells by conventional and fluorescence lifetime microscopy using a biosensor, termed Rango, that increases its fluorescence resonance energy transfer signal when released from importin-beta by RanGTP. Rango is predominantly free in mitotic cells, but is further liberated around mitotic chromatin. In vitro experiments and modelling show that this localized increase of free cargoes corresponds to changes in RanGTP concentration sufficient to stabilize microtubules in extracts. In cells, the Ran-importin-beta-cargo gradient kinetically promotes spindle formation but is largely dispensable once the spindle has been established. Consistent with previous reports, we observe that the Ran system also affects spindle pole formation and chromosome congression in vivo. Our results demonstrate that conserved Ran-regulated pathways are involved in multiple, parallel processes required for spindle function, but that their relative contribution differs in chromatin- versus centrosome/kinetochore-driven spindle assembly systems.