一个基于Swarm的人工生态系统模型

利用Swarm平台，采用自下而上的建模思想，建立了一个人工生态系统，并对局部生态环境下虫害的演化行为以及天敌的抑制作用进行了模拟。针对不同环境条件设定相应的仿真参数，可以得到恰当的害虫种群演化结果，有助于生态管理的科学决策。所建立的人工生态系统模型为局部生态研究提供了一种崭新的实验手段。     

Crystallographic studies on the activity of glycogen phosphorylase b

High resolution studies on the crystal structure of glycogen phosphorylase b have identified the catalytic site to which the substrate glucose-1-phosphate binds strongly with some local conformational changes. The site is situated 8 A (phosphate-to-phosphate distance) from pyridoxal phosphate, an essential cofactor of all glycogen phosphorylases. The catalytic site is 33 A from the site in the N-terminal portion of the molecule to which adenine nucleotides bind. In contrast to phosphorylase a (the active form of the enzyme which is phosphorylated at Ser 14), the positions of the first 19 residues of phosphorylase b are not well defined.     

武术运动员血型及指纹的分析

对四川省一级以上的３９ 名武术运动员血型和指纹进行了调查分析,结果表明武术运动员多数血型和指纹指标与一般人比较没有明显差异,故用这两项指标作为选材的依据还有待进一步探讨     

Polyreactivity increases the apparent affinity of anti-HIV antibodies by heteroligation

During immune responses, antibodies are selected for their ability to bind to foreign antigens with high affinity, in part by their ability to undergo homotypic bivalent binding. However, this type of binding is not always possible. For example, the small number of gp140 glycoprotein spikes displayed on the surface of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disfavours homotypic bivalent antibody binding. Here we show that during the human antibody response to HIV, somatic mutations that increase antibody affinity also increase breadth and neutralizing potency. Surprisingly, the responding naive and memory B cells produce polyreactive antibodies, which are capable of bivalent heteroligation between one high-affinity anti-HIV-gp140 combining site and a second low-affinity site on another molecular structure on HIV. Although cross-reactivity to self-antigens or polyreactivity is strongly selected against during B-cell development, it is a common serologic feature of certain infections in humans, including HIV, Epstein-Barr virus and hepatitis C virus. Seventy-five per cent of the 134 monoclonal anti-HIV-gp140 antibodies cloned from six patients with high titres of neutralizing antibodies are polyreactive. Despite the low affinity of the polyreactive combining site, heteroligation demonstrably increases the apparent affinity of polyreactive antibodies to HIV.     

基于声学参量阵理论的超声波防录音屏蔽研究与实现

随着智能设备的快速发展,利用一些录音设备诸如智能手机、录音笔等窃取信息的手段显得更为方便和隐蔽,这对于个人、企业和政府都存在着不小的隐患.传统的对抗方式有背景噪声屏蔽和电磁波屏蔽,但都有其局限性.前者通过播放大音量噪声覆盖对话声音,但这会影响对话的正常进行;后者发射大功率电磁波屏蔽录音设备,但其屏蔽距离与效果都十分有限.针对上述问题,本文提出一种基于声学参量阵理论的超声波防录音屏的方案,可以对录音窃听进行有效屏蔽,同时不妨碍正常对话.根据声学参量阵理论,多个高频的超声波经过非线性系统,会因为非线性作用产生低频声音信号.根据这一原理,首先生成低频宽带噪声信号,然后进行BASK调制将其调制到高频载波上,进行功率放大后由换能器发射向目标录音设备.实验测试结果表明对iPhone6S、华为P10、P20、荣耀9等智能手机的录音功能都可以实现有效屏蔽,最大屏蔽距离1~3 m不等.由于屏蔽原理的普适性,本文的方案可以屏蔽目前大多数型号的智能手机、录音笔等带录音功能的终端.      

水溶液中Co-Sb薄膜的电化学沉积

采用电化学循环伏安法分析了柠檬酸水溶液中Co2+、SbO+的沉积电位,利用恒电位沉积的方法,在不锈钢基片上,从柠檬酸水溶液中沉积出Co-Sb薄膜.运用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对薄膜的结构、组成以及形貌进行了分析.结果表明,在柠檬酸水溶液中,Co2+和SbO+可同时沉积到不锈钢基片上,形成Co-Sb薄膜,在不同的沉积电位下,薄膜形成不同的物相.薄膜的形貌呈现颗粒状,分布比较均匀.薄膜在充满Ar的管式炉中热处理2h,热处理温度为400℃,结果发现薄膜物相组成发生了很大变化,转变为主要由晶体CoSb3组成,还有少量的CoSb形成.     

Lateral presynaptic inhibition mediates gain control in an olfactory circuit

Olfactory signals are transduced by a large family of odorant receptor proteins, each of which corresponds to a unique glomerulus in the first olfactory relay of the brain. Crosstalk between glomeruli has been proposed to be important in olfactory processing, but it is not clear how these interactions shape the odour responses of second-order neurons. In the Drosophila antennal lobe (a region analogous to the vertebrate olfactory bulb), we selectively removed most interglomerular input to genetically identified second-order olfactory neurons. Here we show that this broadens the odour tuning of these neurons, implying that interglomerular inhibition dominates over interglomerular excitation. The strength of this inhibitory signal scales with total feedforward input to the entire antennal lobe, and has similar tuning in different glomeruli. A substantial portion of this interglomerular inhibition acts at a presynaptic locus, and our results imply that this is mediated by both ionotropic and metabotropic receptors on the same nerve terminal.     

Eocene/Oligocene ocean de-acidification linked to Antarctic glaciation by sea-level fall

One of the most dramatic perturbations to the Earth system during the past 100 million years was the rapid onset of Antarctic glaciation near the Eocene/Oligocene epoch boundary (approximately 34 million years ago). This climate transition was accompanied by a deepening of the calcite compensation depth--the ocean depth at which the rate of calcium carbonate input from surface waters equals the rate of dissolution. Changes in the global carbon cycle, rather than changes in continental configuration, have recently been proposed as the most likely root cause of Antarctic glaciation, but the mechanism linking glaciation to the deepening of calcite compensation depth remains unclear. Here we use a global biogeochemical box model to test competing hypotheses put forward to explain the Eocene/Oligocene transition. We find that, of the candidate hypotheses, only shelf to deep sea carbonate partitioning is capable of explaining the observed changes in both carbon isotope composition and calcium carbonate accumulation at the sea floor. In our simulations, glacioeustatic sea-level fall associated with the growth of Antarctic ice sheets permanently reduces global calcium carbonate accumulation on the continental shelves, leading to an increase in pelagic burial via permanent deepening of the calcite compensation depth. At the same time, fresh limestones are exposed to erosion, thus temporarily increasing global river inputs of dissolved carbonate and increasing seawater delta13C. Our work sheds new light on the mechanisms linking glaciation and ocean acidity change across arguably the most important climate transition of the Cenozoic era.