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991.
992.
黑木耳是中国一种分布极为广泛且具有独特的营养价值与保健功能的食用菌,含有多
种生物活性化合物,其中黑色素是主要生物活性成分之一,且具有极高的安全性,可进一步开发具
备保健作用的功能色素,该方面的研究已初见成效且应用前景广阔。文章综述了黑木耳黑色素的
理化性质、分子组成与结构表征、分离制备手段以及其清除自由基、抑菌抗病毒、抗辐射、改善肝损
伤、保护DNA等生物活性的国内外研究现状,分析了限制黑木耳黑色素开发应用的实际问题并提
出展望,并为今后黑木耳黑色素生物活性作用机制的研究及其在食品、药品、化妆品等领域的应用
提供参考。 相似文献
993.
In vitro effects on microtubule dynamics of purified Xenopus M phase-activated MAP kinase. 总被引:49,自引:0,他引:49
Y Gotoh E Nishida S Matsuda N Shiina H Kosako K Shiokawa T Akiyama K Ohta H Sakai 《Nature》1991,349(6306):251-254
The protein kinase MAP kinase, also called MAP2 kinase, is a serine/threonine kinase whose activation and phosphorylation are induced by a variety of mitogens, and which is thought to have a critical role in a network of protein kinases in mitogenic signal transduction. A burst in kinase activation and protein phosphorylation may also be important in triggering the dramatic reorganization of the cell during the transition from interphase to mitosis. The interphase-metaphase transition of microtubule arrays is under the control of p34cdc2 kinase, a central control element in the G2-M transition of the cell cycle. Here we show that a Xenopus kinase, closely related to the mitogen-activated mammalian MAP kinase, is phosphorylated and activated during M phase of meiotic and mitotic cell cycles, and that the interphase-metaphase transition of microtubule arrays can be induced by the addition of purified Xenopus M phase-activated MAP kinase or mammalian mitogen-activated MAP kinase to interphase extracts in vitro. 相似文献
994.
Neural organization for the long-term memory of paired associates 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
Most of our long-term memories of episodes or objects are organized so that we can retrieve them by association. Clinical neuropsychologists assess human memory by the paired-associate learning test, in which a series of paired words or figures is presented and the subject is then asked to retrieve the other pair member associated with each cue. Patients with lesions of the temporal lobe show marked impairment in this test. In our study, we trained monkeys in a pair-association task using a set of computer-generated paired patterns. We found two types of task-related neurons in the anterior temporal cortex. One type selectively responded to both pictures of the paired associates. The other type, which had the strongest response to one picture during the cue presentation, exhibited increasing activity during the delay period when the associate of that picture was used as a cue. These results provide new evidence that single neurons acquire selectivity for visual patterns through associative learning. They also indicate neural mechanisms for storage and retrieval in the long-term memory of paired associates. 相似文献
995.
Ratje AH Loerke J Mikolajka A Brünner M Hildebrand PW Starosta AL Dönhöfer A Connell SR Fucini P Mielke T Whitford PC Onuchic JN Yu Y Sanbonmatsu KY Hartmann RK Penczek PA Wilson DN Spahn CM 《Nature》2010,468(7324):713-716
The elongation cycle of protein synthesis involves the delivery of aminoacyl-transfer RNAs to the aminoacyl-tRNA-binding site (A?site) of the ribosome, followed by peptide-bond formation and translocation of the tRNAs through the ribosome to reopen the A?site. The translocation reaction is catalysed by elongation factor G (EF-G) in a GTP-dependent manner. Despite the availability of structures of various EF-G-ribosome complexes, the precise mechanism by which tRNAs move through the ribosome still remains unclear. Here we use multiparticle cryoelectron microscopy analysis to resolve two previously unseen subpopulations within Thermus thermophilus EF-G-ribosome complexes at subnanometre resolution, one of them with a partly translocated tRNA. Comparison of these substates reveals that translocation of tRNA on the 30S subunit parallels the swivelling of the 30S head and is coupled to unratcheting of the 30S body. Because the tRNA maintains contact with the peptidyl-tRNA-binding site (P?site) on the 30S head and simultaneously establishes interaction with the exit site (E?site) on the 30S platform, a novel intra-subunit 'pe/E' hybrid state is formed. This state is stabilized by domain?IV of EF-G, which interacts with the swivelled 30S-head conformation. These findings provide direct structural and mechanistic insight into the 'missing link' in terms of tRNA intermediates involved in the universally conserved translocation process. 相似文献
996.
997.
A polymorphic DNA marker genetically linked to Huntington's disease 总被引:32,自引:0,他引:32
J F Gusella N S Wexler P M Conneally S L Naylor M A Anderson R E Tanzi P C Watkins K Ottina M R Wallace A Y Sakaguchi 《Nature》1983,306(5940):234-238
Family studies show that the Huntington's disease gene is linked to a polymorphic DNA marker that maps to human chromosome 4. The chromosomal localization of the Huntington's disease gene is the first step in using recombinant DNA technology to identify the primary genetic defect in this disorder. 相似文献
998.
Hinf family: a novel repeated DNA family of the human genome 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
The isolation of a mutant adenovirus carrying an insertion of cellular DNA has led to the identification of a new family of human repetitive sequences, which are found tandemly arranged in the genome. The sequence of the viral insert resembles that of eukaryotic transposable elements. 相似文献
999.
张玉虎 许甫荣 何建军 刘忠 周小红 甘再国 M.Oshima T.Hayakawa Y.Toh T.Shizuma J.Katakura Y.Hatsukawa M.Matsuda H.Kusakari M.Sugawara K.Furuno T.Komatsubara T.Une 温书贤 王治民 《中国科学(G辑)》2003,33(1):69-75
利用152Sm(35Cl, 5nγ)182Au核反应产生并研究了双奇核182Au的高自旋态, 首次建立了双奇核182Au基于πh9/2 Äνi13/2和πi13/2 Äνi13/2准粒子组态上的转动带能级纲图, 发现在低自旋区, 两个转动带能级均出现旋称反转. 用推转壳模型对182Au的转动带能级进行了理论研究, 发现当采用形变和对力自洽计算后, 从理论上可以定性地解释182Au核中两个转动带出现的旋称反转现象. 相似文献
1000.
Exocytosis-the release of the contents of a vesicle--proceeds by two mechanisms. Full fusion occurs when the vesicle and plasma membranes merge. Alternatively, in what is termed kiss-and-run, vesicles can release transmitter during transient contacts with the plasma membrane. Little is known at the molecular level about how the choice between these two pathways is regulated. Here we report amperometric recordings of catecholamine efflux through individual fusion pores. Transfection with synaptotagmin (Syt) IV increased the frequency and duration of kiss-and-run events, but left their amplitude unchanged. Endogenous Syt IV, induced by forskolin treatment, had a similar effect. Full fusion was inhibited by mutation of a Ca2+ ligand in the C2A domain of Syt I; kiss-and-run was inhibited by mutation of a homologous Ca2+ ligand in the C2B domain of Syt IV. The Ca2+ sensitivity for full fusion was 5-fold higher with Syt I than Syt IV, but for kiss-and-run the Ca2+ sensitivities differed by a factor of only two. Syt thus regulates the choice between full fusion and kiss-and-run, with Ca2+ binding to the C2A and C2B domains playing an important role in this choice. 相似文献