Spatial aggregations for spatial based decision making in spatial data warehouses

For spatial based decision making such as choice of best place to construct a new department store, spatial data warehousing system is required more and more previous spatial data warehousing systems; however, provided decision making of non-spatial data on a map and so those cannot support enough spatial based decision making. The spatial aggregations are proposed for spatial based decision making in spatial data warehouses. The meaning of aggregation operators for applying spatial data was modified and new spatial aggregations were defined. These aggregations can support hierarchical concept of spatial measure. Using these aggregations, the spatial analysis classified by non-spatial data is provided. In case study, how to use these aggregations and how to support spatial based decision making are shown.     

Mutations of the gene encoding the protein kinase A type I-alpha regulatory subunit in patients with the Carney complex

Carney complex (CNC) is a multiple neoplasia syndrome characterized by spotty skin pigmentation, cardiac and other myxomas, endocrine tumours and psammomatous melanotic schwannomas. CNC is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and the genes responsible have been mapped to 2p16 and 17q22-24 (refs 6, 7). Because of its similarities to the McCune-Albright syndrome and other features, such as paradoxical responses to endocrine signals, genes implicated in cyclic nucleotide-dependent signalling have been considered candidates for causing CNC (ref. 10). In CNC families mapping to 17q, we detected loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in the vicinity of the gene (PRKAR1A) encoding protein kinase A regulatory subunit 1-alpha (RIalpha), including a polymorphic site within its 5' region. We subsequently identified three unrelated kindreds with an identical mutation in the coding region of PRKAR1A. Analysis of additional cases revealed the same mutation in a sporadic case of CNC, and different mutations in three other families, including one with isolated inherited cardiac myxomas. Analysis of PKA activity in CNC tumours demonstrated a decreased basal activity, but an increase in cAMP-stimulated activity compared with non-CNC tumours. We conclude that germline mutations in PRKAR1A, an apparent tumour-suppressor gene, are responsible for the CNC phenotype in a subset of patients with this disease.     

Relationship of prodigiosin condensing enzyme activity to the biosynthesis of prodigiosin and its precursors in Serratia marcescens

Prodigiosin condensing enzyme (PCE) activities were present in Serratia marcescens wild type 08, mutants OF, WF and 9-3-3. Their specific activities exhibited different maxima and at different times during the late log phase or the early stationary phase of cell growth. The levels of prodigiosin and its precursors also showed a significant increase at this period. The results support that prodigiosin and/or its precursors are secondary metabolites. The ubiquity of the PCE activity in mutants deficient in prodigiosin biosynthesis suggest that this particular enzyme may also be present in non-pigmented clinical isolates.     

Initial myocardial succino-oxidase activity changes induced by intravenous infusion ofEscherichia coli endotoxin in rabbit

Zusammenfassung Escherichia coli-Endotoxin (1 mg per kg) wurde in die Ohrvene von Kaninchen injiziert: Die Succinat-dehydrogenase- und Cytochromoxydase-Aktivität in den Mitochondrien des Herzmuskels wurde nach 15 min verändert. Es ist wahrscheinlich, dass das Endotoxin sowohl auf das Herz, als auch auf die peripheren Gefässe direkt wirkt.

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This study was supported by the Research Grant HE-09016 from the National Heart Institute, US Public Health Service; and the General Research Support Funds from the Philadelphia General Hospital.     

Does increased gastric mucus play a role in the ulcer-protecting effects of zinc sulphate?

Summary Zinc sulphate pretreatment i.p. produces dose-related reductions in stress ulcer incidence in pylorus-occluded rats. The associated increases in gastric wall mucus, in stressed and nonstressed animals, suggest that a similar effect may contribute to its ulcer-reducing ability in man.     

Cardiac mitochondrial NADH2-cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome oxidase after cardiopulmonary by-pass in dog

Zusammenfassung Nach kurzfristiger extrakorporaler Zirkulation beim Hund wurden Cytochrom-Oxydase-Aktivität und NADH₂-Oxydationsrate in den Mitochondrien des Herzmuskels im Vergleich zu Kontrolltieren vermindert gefunden.

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This study was supported by Research Grant HE-09016 from the National Institutes of Health, U.S. Public Health Service.     

Genome sequence and comparative analysis of the model rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii yoelii

Species of malaria parasite that infect rodents have long been used as models for malaria disease research. Here we report the whole-genome shotgun sequence of one species, Plasmodium yoelii yoelii, and comparative studies with the genome of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum clone 3D7. A synteny map of 2,212 P. y. yoelii contiguous DNA sequences (contigs) aligned to 14 P. falciparum chromosomes reveals marked conservation of gene synteny within the body of each chromosome. Of about 5,300 P. falciparum genes, more than 3,300 P. y. yoelii orthologues of predominantly metabolic function were identified. Over 800 copies of a variant antigen gene located in subtelomeric regions were found. This is the first genome sequence of a model eukaryotic parasite, and it provides insight into the use of such systems in the modelling of Plasmodium biology and disease.