Simulated and reconstructed winter temperature in the eastern China during the last millennium

Since the 1990s, under the auspicious impetus of two international research programs, the “Past Global Changes” (PAGES) and the “Climate Variability and Pre- dictability” (CLIVAR), massive research work has been carried out on climate and environment changes over the past 2000 years[1-3]. But majority of the studies has been centered on obtaining various kinds of climatic proxy data (such as historical documents, tree rings, ice cores, lake cores) and focused on the reconstruction of…     

Algae acquire vitamin B12 through a symbiotic relationship with bacteria

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) was identified nearly 80 years ago as the anti-pernicious anaemia factor in liver, and its importance in human health and disease has resulted in much work on its uptake, cellular transport and utilization. Plants do not contain cobalamin because they have no cobalamin-dependent enzymes. Deficiencies are therefore common in strict vegetarians, and in the elderly, who are susceptible to an autoimmune disorder that prevents its efficient uptake. In contrast, many algae are rich in vitamin B12, with some species, such as Porphyra yezoensis (Nori), containing as much cobalamin as liver. Despite this, the role of the cofactor in algal metabolism remains unknown, as does the source of the vitamin for these organisms. A survey of 326 algal species revealed that 171 species require exogenous vitamin B12 for growth, implying that more than half of the algal kingdom are cobalamin auxotrophs. Here we show that the role of vitamin B12 in algal metabolism is primarily as a cofactor for vitamin B12-dependent methionine synthase, and that cobalamin auxotrophy has arisen numerous times throughout evolution, probably owing to the loss of the vitamin B12-independent form of the enzyme. The source of cobalamin seems to be bacteria, indicating an important and unsuspected symbiosis.     

Pattern差分编码水声通信研究

在Pattern时延差编码（PDS）通信体制的基础上,提出了Pattern差分编码方案.该方案将信息调制在相邻Pattern码的时延差上,减小了平均码元宽度,提高了通信速率.该方案通过码元分割降低了多途干扰,差分解码方式使其具有抗多普勒能力.现场试验中,定点通信实现了无误码传输,证明该体制能抑制多途干扰;移动通信误码率较低,证明该体制具有良好的抗多普勒能力.     

农业节水灌溉控制

农业节水灌溉有三个过程。基于水分亏缺与玉米、柑桔的需水信息,在温室中建立了由微机和作物需水信息控制的节水灌溉控制系统。当作物生长正常时,在温室里得到的节水率为15％～20％。这对未来田间的农业节水灌溉控制系统将是十分有用的。     

聚醚砜／CuCl_2材料表面金属化新方法──化学还原法的研究

介绍聚酸砜（ＰＥＳ）材料表面金属化的新方法─化学还原法．将ＣｕＣｌ２含量一定的ＰＥＳ薄膜于一定浓度的ＮａＢＨ４水溶液中处理一段时间后，即可制得表面电阻约为１００～１０２Ω／□数量级的导电薄膜。通过ＸＰＳ证实了表面确实为金属层覆盖。还研究了影响表面电阻的各种因素，探讨了表面金属化机理。     

硼酸钙/氧化石墨烯复合微粒的制备及摩擦学性能研究

以硼砂、硝酸钙和氧化石墨烯为原料利用水热技术制备硼酸钙/氧化石墨烯复合微粒.利用透射电镜(TEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和能谱(EDS)对硼酸钙/氧化石墨烯复合微粒形貌、结构及磨痕表面进行表征.将复合微粒用油酸修饰并添加到液体石蜡中,利用四球摩擦试验机分析其摩擦学性能,结果表明:复合微粒添加剂具有良好的减摩抗磨性能.     

A separate two-stage pulse tube cooler working at liquid helium temperature

A novel 4 K separate two-stage pulse tube cooler (PTC) was designed and tested. The cooler consists of two separate pulse tube coolers, in which the cold end of the first stage regenerator is thermally connected with the middle part of the second regenerator. Compared to the traditional coupled multi-stage pulse tube cooler, the mutual interference between stages can be significantly eliminated. The lowest refrigeration temperature obtained at the first stage pulse tube was 13.8 K. This is a new record for singlestage PTC. With two compressors and two rotary valves driving mode, the separate two-stage PTC obtained a refrigeration temperature of 2.5K at the second stage. Cooling capacities of 508mW at 4.2K and 15W at 37.5K were achieved simultaneously. A one-compressor and one-rotary valve driving mode has been proposed to further simplify the structure of separate type PTC.     

一个适用于有限变形及率敏感非弹性材料问题的混合变量广义变分原理

本文在现时拉格朗日(UL)描述下推导了适用于有限变形及率敏感非弹性材料问题的混合变量广义变分原理.以位移率和应变率为独立变量使它适于在板壳问题中应用.仔细考虑了非弹性应变率对变分变量的依赖性后,转化率形式泛函为对率敏感非弹性材料计算来讲有高阶收敛性的增量形式,并统一了两种率敏感塑性模型(Bodner和Perzyna)的计算表达形式。     

含油率对涡旋压缩机压缩过程的影响

提出了考虑到润滑油影响的压缩腔和背压腔工作过程数学模型，并对压缩过程进行了计算模拟。在此基础上，进行了一定运行条件下的实验研究。得到了流入压缩腔内的润滑油量与涡旋压缩机容积效率，压缩功率损失，背压和排气的关系的曲线。     

气液两相流界面波非线性稳定性分析研究

通过对双流体模型方程进行简化，得到了双曲型两相流非线性控制方程组．进而导出了该方程组的特征线方程，利用有限差分及特征线方法求解了特征线方程，考察了界面扰动随时间在空间的发展状况，并与实验和线性稳定性分析结果进行了比较．