Conserved requirement for a plant host cell protein in powdery mildew pathogenesis

In the fungal phylum Ascomycota, the ability to cause disease in plants and animals has been gained and lost repeatedly during phylogenesis. In monocotyledonous barley, loss-of-function mlo alleles result in effective immunity against the Ascomycete Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, the causal agent of powdery mildew disease. However, mlo-based disease resistance has been considered a barley-specific phenomenon to date. Here, we demonstrate a conserved requirement for MLO proteins in powdery mildew pathogenesis in the dicotyledonous plant species Arabidopsis thaliana. Epistasis analysis showed that mlo resistance in A. thaliana does not involve the signaling molecules ethylene, jasmonic acid or salicylic acid, but requires a syntaxin, glycosyl hydrolase and ABC transporter. These findings imply that a common host cell entry mechanism of powdery mildew fungi evolved once and at least 200 million years ago, suggesting that within the Erysiphales (powdery mildews) the ability to cause disease has been a stable trait throughout phylogenesis.     

Der Einfluss des Urin-pH auf die Aktivität von Urinenzymen

Summary The relationship between the pH of urine and the measured activity of ULDH, UAP and UAA was investigated in vivo and in vitro. The activity of ULDH and UAP is only half as much, or less, in acid urine (pH 4.8–5.1) as it is in alkaline urine (pH 7.0–8.1). The UAA activity, however, does not change in the pH range measured. The isoenzymes ULDH 2–4, present in alkaline urine of normal adults, does not appear in acid urine.     

Experimentelle Reversion von Tumorzellen in vivo

Summary European eels with fast growing epidermal papillomas (cauliflower disease) were treated with quinine-sulphate. At concentrations of 15 to 60 mg/l and after 8 weeks of treatment, there occurred newly formed mucous cells and club cells in the tumor tissue. Tight contact between all cells was reestablished. The nucleus-plasma-relation had evidently decreased. Electron microscopical studies showed a restauration of degenerated cell organelles, especially of the outer membrane. Growth rate of the tumors was reduced, and at a concentration of 60 mg/l the tumor tissue ceased growing from the beginning of treatment.     

Dosis-Wirkungs-Beziehungen zwischen Koronardurchfluss und Herzfrequenz für Adenosin

Summary In the isolated guinea-pig heart, it has been found that the amount of adenosine which slows the heart rate is about 100 times greater than the amount which increases coronary flow.     

Analytisch-chemische Bestimmung nichtradioaktiver Stoffe mit einem Flüssig-Szintillationsspektrometer durch Radiolumineszenz und Absorptionsphotometrie im Čerenkov-Licht

Summary Three techniques are described which allow a quantitative chemical determination of non-radioactive substances by the means of a liquid scintillation counter. The first method is based on the chemical quenching of a radioluminescent solution through the substance that is to be determined. The second method may be described as absorption photometry in erenkov-light and the third one as absorption photometry in radiofluorescence light.     

Kompensation der teratogenen Wirkung eines Thalidomid-Metaboliten durchl-Glutaminsäure

Summary Skeletal defects were observed in the off-spring of SWS-mice following i.p. administration of phthaloyl-l-glutamic acid, a metabolite of thalidomide. The fetuses of animals which receivedl-glutamic acid in addition to the teratogenic drug, did not show any malformations, whereas concurrent i.p. administration of thed-isomer of glutamic acid failed to reverse teratogenicity induced by phthaloyl-l-glutamic acid.     

Migration of lymphocytes through the endothelium of venules in experimental allergic neuritis

Zusammenfassung Bei der experimentellen allergischen Neuritis verlassen die Lymphozyten das zirkulierende Blut der Venolen der peripheren Nerven, indem sie eher durch die als zwischen den Endothelzellen austreten. Der Durchtritt durch das Zytoplasma der Endothelzellen ist ein Beispiel von Emperipolesis.

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Supported by parts by NIH grant No. NB-03789-05, Inst. grant No. FRO5486-04, and a grant from the Swedish Medical Research Council. I thank Mr.L. Cherkas for help with the photography.     

Demonstration of two ATPases in human erythrocyte membranes

Zusammenfassung Menschliche Erythrozytenmembranen enthalten eine NEM-sensitive und eine NEM-insensitive ATPase, die wahrscheinlich beide an Membranoberflächen lokalisiert sind.

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These studies were carried out with the generous support of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.