ICOS is essential for effective T-helper-cell responses

The outcome of T-cell responses after T-cell encounter with specific antigens is modulated by co-stimulatory signals, which are required for both lymphocyte activation and development of adaptive immunity. ICOS, an inducible co-stimulator with homology to CD28, is expressed on activated, but not resting T cells, and shows T-cell co-stimulatory function in vitro. ICOS binds specifically to its counter-receptor B7RP-1 (refs 5,6,7), but not to B7-1 or B7-2. Here we provide in vivo genetic evidence that ICOS delivers a co-stimulatory signal that is essential both for efficient interaction between T and B cells and for normal antibody responses to T-cell-dependent antigens. To determine the physiological function of ICOS, we generated and characterized gene-targeted ICOS-deficient mice. In vivo, a lack of ICOS results in severely deficient T-cell-dependent B-cell responses. Germinal centre formation is impaired and immunoglobulin class switching, including production of allergy-mediating IgE, is defective. ICOS-deficient T cells primed in in vivo and restimulated in vitro with specific antigen produce only low levels of interleukin-4, but remain fully competent to produce interferon-gamma.     

现代性过程与社会学理论的个性——社会互构导论:中国特色社会学理论的新探索之一

对现代性过程的三个重要阶段上的社会学理论形态———工业化社会的社会学、民主社会与转型社会的社会学、现代性遭遇全球化时代的社会学———进行了分析 ,对社会学理论范域的多变形态进行了探讨。这些讨论所包含的蕴意在于 ,“现代”是个人和社会经历巨大裂峡的时代 ,也是个人和社会的共生互构的时代。当代社会学应当有属于自己时代的理论回应。     

社会运行论及其在中国的表现——中国特色社会学理论探索的梳理和回顾之一

社会运行论所阐述的“社会学是关于社会良性运行和协调发展的条件和机制的综合性具体社会科学”的思想 ,是对新中国建立以来不同时期社会运行情况的概括和总结 ,是对我国历史上的治乱兴衰学术传统的继承和开发 ,也是对外国社会学两大传统———从马克思开始的马克思主义社会学传统和从孔德开始的西方社会学的借鉴和吸取。十多年来这一理论的扩展和运用 ,及其产生的现实影响说明 :社会运行论是一种具有较明显中国特色的社会学理论。     

Stability analysis of the simplest Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy control system using circle criterion

A frequency-domain-based sufficient condition is derived to guarantee the globally asymptotic stability of the simplest Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy control system by using the circle criterion. The analysis is performed in the frequency domain, and hence the condition is of great significance when the frequency-response method, which is widely used in the linear control theory and practice, is employed to synthesize the simplest T-S fuzzy controller. Besides, this sufficient condition is featured by a graphical interpretation, which makes the condition straightforward to be used. Comparisons are drawn between the performance of the simplest T-S fuzzy controller and that of the linear compensator. Two numerical examples are presented to demonstrate how this sufficient condition can be applied to both stable and unstable plants.     

A multiple intelligent agent system for credit risk prediction via an optimization of localized generalization error with diversity

Company bankruptcies cost billions of dollars in losses to banks each year. Thus credit risk prediction is a critical part of a bank＇s loan approval decision process. Traditional financial models for credit risk prediction are no longer adequate for describing today＇s complex relationship between the financial health and potential bankruptcy of a company. In this work, a multiple classifier system （embedded in a multiple intelligent agent system） is proposed to predict the financial health of a company. In our model, each individual agent （classifier） makes a prediction on the likelihood of credit risk based on only partial information of the company. Each of the agents is an expert, but has limited knowledge （represented by features） about the company. The decisions of all agents are combined together to form a final credit risk prediction. Experiments show that our model out-performs other existing methods using the benchmarking Compustat American Corporations dataset.     

环氧丙烯酸酯/蒙脱土插层材料的研究

通过溶液的方法实现了环氧丙烯酸酯和蒙脱土的插层,并在紫外光作用下利用光固化反应制备了环氧丙烯酸酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料.利用X-衍射对材料样品进行了插层表征,对有机蒙脱土的流变性进行了测试,对样品的力学性能(拉伸强度?冲击强度)进行了测试.结果表明:有机化的蒙脱土具有一定的触变性;插层后有机蒙脱土的片层被撑开剥离;少量的有机化蒙脱土的加入可较大提高材料的性能.     

基于杯[4]芳烃的选择性识别有机酸的荧光传感器

以杯[4]芳烃为平台、氨基吡啶基团为识别位点、萘环为荧光基团,合成了一类新型荧光化学传感器.采用红外光谱、质谱、核磁共振和元素分析方法对产物进行了表征,并对产物的性能及荧光分子识别有机酸的机理进行了研究.结果表明,所合成的荧光分子在乙腈溶液中能选择性识别芳香族有机酸,表现出荧光淬灭现象,其与有机酸络合能力的大小依次为:对氰基苯甲酸>对氯苯甲酸>对甲氧基苯甲酸>苯甲酸.     

箱压缩机吸气簧片阀的优化设计

本文使用ANSYS WORKBENCH对压缩机吸气簧片阀进行了优化设计分析.通过对计算结果和敏感度的分析发现,阀片最细截面宽度和阀片伸展角度对其承载能力和工作性能影响较大.合理地设计这两个参数可以有效提高压缩机的寿命.     

利用地脉动评估结构抗震能力的技术及应用前景

建筑结构的抗震能力评估已成为当前土木工程领域的重要课题,利用地脉动测试方法评估结构抗震能力的技术具有广阔的应用前景.本文介绍利用地脉动测试方法评估结构抗震能力的技术,并就该技术在理论与实际应用中存在的问题进行讨论.最后,指出该技术目前需解决的问题及发展前景.     

添加Ti0.9Zr0.1Mn1.5复合球磨对Ti9.6V86.4Fe4 合金储氢性能的影响

系统研究了Ti9.6V86.4Fe4储氢合金中掺入10%（质量分数）的Ti0.9Zr0.1Mn1.5进行复合球磨对其相结构及储氢性能的影响.X射线衍射分析表明,Ti9.6V86.4Fe4铸态合金具有单一的体心立方（BCC）结构固溶体相,当添加10%的Ti0.9Zr0.1Mn1.5复合球磨后,复合物由BCC主相和C14型Laves第2相组成.扫描电子显微镜及X射线能量色散谱仪分析表明,Ti9.6V86.4Fe4合金粉颗粒表面包覆了一层Ti0.9Zr0.1Mn1.5微粒.储氢性能测试表明,Ti9.6V86.4Fe4中掺入10%的Ti0.9Zr0.1Mn1.5复合球磨后,虽然室温最大吸氢量（质量分数）从3.86%略微降低至3.61%,但其有效储氢量（质量分数）由2.01%提高到2.11%,活化性能和P-C-T曲线平台特性都得到了明显改善.