Fate of secondary effluent dissolved organic matter during soil-aquifer treatment

The reduction of mass and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and its fractions from secondary effluent during laboratory-scale soil-aquifer treatment (SAT) soil columns were studied. Reduction in dissolved organic carbon (DOC), absorbance of ultraviolet light at 254 nm (UV-254), biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) and nonbiodegradable dis- solved organic carbon (NBDOC) for the bulk DOM averaged 72.35%, 53.98%, 97.49% and 35.33% across the soil columns, respectively. Using XAD-8 and XAD-4 resins, DOM was fractionated into 3 fractions: hydrophobic acid (HPO-A), transphilic acid (TPI-A) and hydrophilic fraction (HPI). HPO-A was removed by 61.06%, TPI-A by 54.86% and HPI by 74.95% as DOC as a consequence of the laboratory-scale SAT, respectively. The reduction of THMFP from HPO-A, TPI-A and HPI was 27.24%, 26.24% and 36.08%, respectively. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra revealed that the HPO-A isolated from the secondary effluent contained more aromatic functional groups than the corresponding TPI-A. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum analysis illustrated that TPI-A had decreased hydrocarbon and increased aromatics content in the SAT columns. Specific ultraviolet light absorbance (SUVA) and specific THMFP for each DOM fraction increased across the soil columns and HPI exhibited greater increase in both than HPO-A and TPI-A. The most problematic THM precursor was found to be HPO-A with its high quantity present in recharged water and high chlorine reactivity.     

Inhibitory Kinetics of p-Substituted Benzaldehydes on Polyphenol Oxidase from the Fifth Instar of Pieris Rapae L.

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is the enzyme responsible for enzymatic browning during the growth of insects. It is also involved in defense reactions and is related with immunities in insects. PPO, a metalloenzyme oxidase, catalyzes the oxidation of ο-diphenol to ο-quinone. The present paper de- scribes the effects of benzaldehyde and its p-substituted derivatives on the activity of PPO from the fifth instar of Pieris rapae L. PPO from the fifth instar of Pieris rapae L. was purified using ammonium sulfate fractionation and chromatography on Sephadex G-100. The enzyme kinetics was characterized using L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) as substrate. The results show that benzaldehyde, p- hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-chlorobenzaldehyde, and p-cyanobenzaldehyde can inhibit the PPO activity for the oxidation of L-DOPA. The inhibitor concentration leading to 50% activity lost, IC50, was esti- mated to be 5.90, 5.62, 2.83, and 2.91 mmol/L for the four tested inhibitors, respectively. Kinetic analy- ses show that the inhibitory effects of these compounds are reversible. Benzaldehyde, p- hydroxybenzaldehyde, and p-chlorobenzaldehyde are noncompetitive inhibitors while p-cyano- benzaldehyde is a mixed-type inhibitor. The inhibition constants were determined for all four inhibitors. p-chlorobenzaldehyde and p-cyanobenzaldehyde were more potent inhibitors than the other com- pounds. These results provide a basis for developing PPO inhibition-based pesticides.     

用PEG／（NH4）2SO4两水相从全缪液萃取糖化酶

ＰＥＧ（聚乙二醇）６００／（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４两水相系统，能有效地从全缪液直接萃取糖化酶，在研究ＰＥＧ／（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４相图的基础上，探讨了影响糖化酶萃取效果的因素，确定了萃取糖化酶的最佳工艺条件。     

铬酸盐颜料生产中的几个问题讨论

讨论了铬酸盐的颜色，结晶过程和工艺制造过程，并对结晶条件的选择和工艺过程进行了探讨。     

稀土数据库中化学过程计算方程式自动配平程序的改进

化学方程式的自动配平是稀土数据库研究和开发中的一个重要辅助程序。已有的关于自动配平化学方程式的报道，其内容大多是数学方法的介绍和讨论，关于程序实现的论述还很少见。本文重点讨论了通过java语言实现化学方程式的配平过程，并使之更加完善，更加优化。该模块已在稀土数据库中使用。     

400m自由泳比赛中“第一次加速”现象分析

运用文献资料、逻辑分析等方法,从运动学视角下分析400m自由泳比赛中＂第一次加速＂现象,并从体能、技能、战术、心理、运动技能五个角度分别对＂第一次加速＂现象进行分析研究,分析这一现象在自由泳比赛中的作用,提出在400米自由泳比赛中怎样充分利用此现象来最大限度地发挥自己的水平,取得优异的运动成绩,并在比赛中获取胜利.     

SLC2A9 is a newly identified urate transporter influencing serum urate concentration, urate excretion and gout

Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism in humans and great apes, which have lost hepatic uricase activity, leading to uniquely high serum uric acid concentrations (200-500 microM) compared with other mammals (3-120 microM). About 70% of daily urate disposal occurs via the kidneys, and in 5-25% of the human population, impaired renal excretion leads to hyperuricemia. About 10% of people with hyperuricemia develop gout, an inflammatory arthritis that results from deposition of monosodium urate crystals in the joint. We have identified genetic variants within a transporter gene, SLC2A9, that explain 1.7-5.3% of the variance in serum uric acid concentrations, following a genome-wide association scan in a Croatian population sample. SLC2A9 variants were also associated with low fractional excretion of uric acid and/or gout in UK, Croatian and German population samples. SLC2A9 is a known fructose transporter, and we now show that it has strong uric acid transport activity in Xenopus laevis oocytes.     

ICL7135与单片机接口电路设计

介绍了双积分A/D转换器ICL7135与AT89C51进行串行数据采集的原理、接口电路的连接方法及时钟频率选择,并且通过实验数据及图形证明了该方法的可行性.     

三维等熵欧拉方程组解的爆破

研究了带阻尼项的三维等熵欧拉方程组初值问题经典解的爆破.在M(0)0条件下,若初始动量的某些泛函足够大时,得到了其经典解在有限时间内必定发生爆破的结论.