The determination of atmospheric phosphine in Ny-Ålesund

Phoshpine (PH3), a volatile and toxic gas, has been proved to commonly exist in the environment. The determination of gaseous phosphine and its emission fluxes in Ny-Ålesund is reported in this paper. Results showed that gaseous phosphine exist in Arctic atmosphere commonly and the concentration of phosphine ranged from 16.3–600.2 ng/m³, with the maximum concentration of phosphine in tundra areas and the minimum in surface air of ocean. The concentration of phosphine ranged from 65.79–1259 ng/m³ in colliery atmosphere at different altitudes and the maximum was found in the center of colliery. Emission fluxes of phosphine were different in various Arctic areas. Emission fluxes of phosphine from protected areas, with average concentration of 32.13±5.353 ng m^–2 h^–1, were higher than from other areas. And the flux of phosphine from ocean was lower.     

Chiral <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-formyl amino alcohol as Lewis basic organocatalyst for enantioselective hydrosilylation of ketimines

Easily accessible (1R,2S)-1,2-diphenyl-2-formamidoethanol has been developed as an effective Lewis base catalyst in the enanti-oselective hydrosilylation of ketimines, affording high isolated yields (up to 94%) and moderate to high enantioselectivities (up to 82% ee) for a broad range of ketimines.     

Entanglement dynamics and transfer in a double Jaynes-Cummings model

We study the entanglement dynamics for a double Jaynes-Cummings model where two entangled atoms A and B locally interact with independent cavities a and b, respectively, but there are no interactions between locations Aa and Bb. We point out that there exists a parameter range in which simultaneous pairwise entanglement sudden death (ESD) for remote parties, i.e. AB, ab, Ab and Ba, may occur. We show that during this simultaneous ESD period various multipartite entanglement can be created. Our results imply that the pairwise entanglement between two independent locations may be transferred into other multipartite forms which account for the correlations between the two independent locations.     

ZnO microsheet modified TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanoparticle composite films for dye-sensitized solar cells

Randomly oriented ZnO microsheets were successfully self-assembled on TiO₂ nanoparticle (TN) film to act as the scattering layer via a cathodic electrodeposition process. The light scattering properties of ZnO microsheets were studied by UV-Vis spectrometer in the 400–800 nm wavelength range. It was found that ZnO microsheets exhibited excellent ability to scatter the incident light for ZnO microsheet-TiO₂ nanoparticle (ZT) composite films. The results showed that dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) fabricated with ZT composite films showed higher short-circuit density (J_sc) and conversion efficiency than TN-based DSSCs, due to the light scattering properties of ZnO microsheets.     

Measurement of laminar burning velocities of iso-butanol-air mixtures

The laminar burning velocity of iso-butanol-air mixtures was measured under different initial pressures, initial temperatures and equivalence ratios using high-speed schlieren photography and outwardly propagation flame in a constant volume combustion bomb. Based on the analysis of stretched flame propagation speed and stretch rate, the laminar burning velocities and Markstein lengths of iso-butanol-air flames are obtained. In accordance, with photos of flame, an analysis of flame stability and the influencing factors is carried out. The results show that the laminar burning velocity is decreased with the increase of initial pressure and is increased with the increase of initial temperature. The maximum value of laminar burning velocity is presented at the equivalence ratio of 1.2. The Markstein length is decreased with the increase of equivalence ratio. For specified equivalence ratio, the Markstein length is decreased with the increase of initial temperature and initial pressure. Thus, the flame instability is increased with the increase of equivalence ratio, initial temperature and initial pressure.     

Enhanced calcification ameliorates the negative effects of UV radiation on photosynthesis in the calcifying phytoplankter <Emphasis Type="Italic">Emiliania huxleyi</Emphasis>

The calcifying phytoplankton species,coccolithophores,have their calcified coccoliths around the cells,however,their physio-logical roles are still unknown.Here,we hypothesized that the coccoliths may play a certain role in reducing solar UV radiation(UVR,280-400 nm) and protect the cells from being harmed.Cells of Emiliania huxleyi with different thicknesses of the cocco-liths were obtained by culturing them at different levels of dissolved inorganic carbon and their photophysiological responses to UVR wer...     

Growth kinematics of fractal super snowflakes

Based on the recent research progress in fractal super fibers,the growth kinematics(or pattern kinematics) of(6+1) -circle fractal super fiber with snowflake-like cross section(abbreviated asfractal super snowflake) is explored.The following results are obtained.(1) The fractal super snowflake obeys simply the straight-line growth mode.(2) At a given movement,the growth speed of the snowflake distributes uniformly in space.At a given point in space,the growth speed decreases along with the time.(3) The grow...     

Effect of EGF1 peptides in directing nanoparticles to thrombi

In order to examine the effect of EGF1 peptides in directing nanoparticles to thrombi, the synthesized EGF1 peptide was conjugated to poly (ethyleneglycol)-poly (lactide) (PEG-PLA) nanoparticles (NP) to form EGF1-NP. A lipophilic fluorescent dye, coumarin-6, was incorporated into EGF1-NP so as to detect its loading and release capacity. The binding ability of EGF1-NP with TF-expressing cells was shown to be significantly higher than that of the non-conjugated NP. Following an intravenous administration, fluorescence was distributed along the vessel wall of the thrombosis regions in the model rats injected with coumarin-6-loaded EGF1-NP. The in vitro and in vivo results suggest that EGF1-NP is a promising drug delivery system for targeting cerebral thrombi.     

First principles studies on the electronics structures of (Li<Subscript>1−<Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>Me<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>)FePO<Subscript>4</Subscript> (Me=Na and Be)

Based on density functional theory (DFT) of the first-principle for cathode materials of lithium ion battery, the electronic structures of (Li_1?x Me _x )FePO₄ (Me=Na and Be, x=0–0.40) are calculated by plane wave pseudo-potential method using Cambridge serial total energy package (CASTEP) program. The calculated results show that Li-site doping can improve the electronic conductivity enormously. Doping with Na has a noticeable effect on improving its electrical conductivity. However, serious structural distortion will occur when its doping density is beyond 0.25. In view of this, the best density of doping Na is less than 0.25. Doping with Be has an inconspicuous effect on increasing its electrical conductivity and has good cyclical stability, but it cannot achieve as good results as when it is doped with Na. Therefore we cannot find a middle ground between the two proposals. Considering cost and environmental protection, it is ideal to choose Na. So this method gives a reasonable prediction to the improvement of electronic conductivity through Li-site doping in LiFePO₄ material.     

Effects of typhoon Matsa on ionospheric TEC

The effects of typhoon Matsa on the ionosphere are studied by using GPS-TEC data observed at about 50 GPS stations.It is shown that the ionosphere has been already influenced and TEC tends to increase before the landing of Matsa,and the difference of TEC from its monthly median over the typhoon area is about 5 TECU.With the landing of Matsa,both the magnitude and the area of increased TEC decrease.One day after the landing of Matsa,TEC reaches its minimum and is lower than the monthly median.In comparison o...