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52.
Engineering of arteries in vitro 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Angela H. Huang Laura E. Niklason 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2014,71(11):2103-2118
This review will focus on two elements that are essential for functional arterial regeneration in vitro: the mechanical environment and the bioreactors used for tissue growth. The importance of the mechanical environment to embryological development, vascular functionality, and vascular graft regeneration will be discussed. Bioreactors generate mechanical stimuli to simulate biomechanical environment of arterial system. This system has been used to reconstruct arterial grafts with appropriate mechanical strength for implantation by controlling the chemical and mechanical environments in which the grafts are grown. Bioreactors are powerful tools to study the effect of mechanical stimuli on extracellular matrix architecture and mechanical properties of engineered vessels. Hence, biomimetic systems enable us to optimize chemo-biomechanical culture conditions to regenerate engineered vessels with physiological properties similar to those of native arteries. In addition, this article reviews various bioreactors designed especially to apply axial loading to engineered arteries. This review will also introduce and examine different approaches and techniques that have been used to engineer biologically based vascular grafts, including collagen-based grafts, fibrin-gel grafts, cell sheet engineering, biodegradable polymers, and decellularization of native vessels. 相似文献
53.
Annalisa Contursi Angela Sacco Rosalia Grande Melania Dovizio Paola Patrignani 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2017,74(19):3491-3507
Platelets are anucleated cells that circulate in the blood as sentinels of tissue integrity. In fact, they are rich in a plethora of proteins and other factors stored in different granules which they selectively release upon stimulation. Moreover, platelets synthesize a vast number of lipids and release various types of vesicles, including exosomes which are rich in genetic material. Platelets possess a central function to interact with other cell types, including inflammatory cells and cancer cells. Recent findings have enlightened the capacity of platelets to induce changes in the phenotype of cancer cells which acquire invasiveness thus enhancing their metastatic potential. Thus, it has been hypothesized that targeting the platelet may represent a novel strategy to prevent the development and progression of cancer. This is supported by the efficacy of the antiplatelet agent low-dose aspirin. Studies are ongoing to verify whether other antiplatelet agents share the anticancer effectiveness of aspirin. 相似文献
54.
Angela Dittmer Kristina Hohlfeld Jana Lützkendorf Lutz P. Müller Jürgen Dittmer 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2009,66(18):3053-3065
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to communicate with tumor cells. We analyzed the effect of human MSCs (hMSCs)
on breast cancer cells in three-dimensional cultures. By using GFP expression and immunohistochemistry, we show that hMSCs
invade 3D breast cancer cell aggregates. hMSCs caused breast cancer spheroids to become disorganized which was accompanied
by a disruption of cell–cell adhesion, E-cadherin cleavage, and nuclear translocation of E-cadherin, but not by epithelial/mesenchymal
transition or by an increase in ERK1/2 activity. In addition, hMSCs enhanced the motility of breast cancer cells. Inhibition
of ADAM10 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10), known to cleave E-cadherin, prevented both hMSC-mediated E-cadherin cleavage
and enhanced migration. Our data suggest that hMSCs interfere with cell–cell adhesion and enhance migration of breast cancer
cells by activating ADAM10. 相似文献
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56.
Disruption of P2RY5, an orphan G protein-coupled receptor, underlies autosomal recessive woolly hair
Shimomura Y Wajid M Ishii Y Shapiro L Petukhova L Gordon D Christiano AM 《Nature genetics》2008,40(3):335-339
The genetic determinants of hair texture in humans are largely unknown. Several human syndromes exist in which woolly hair comprises a part of the phenotype; however, simple autosomal recessive inheritance of isolated woolly hair has only rarely been reported. To identify a gene involved in controlling hair texture, we performed genetic linkage analysis in six families of Pakistani origin with autosomal recessive woolly hair (ARWH; OMIM 278150). All six families showed linkage to chromosome 13q14.2-14.3 (Z = 17.97). In all cases, we discovered pathogenic mutations in P2RY5, which encodes a G protein-coupled receptor and is a nested gene residing within intron 17 of the retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) gene. P2RY5 is expressed in both Henle's and Huxley's layers of the inner root sheath of the hair follicle. Our findings indicate that disruption of P2RY5 underlies ARWH and, more broadly, uncover a new gene involved in determining hair texture in humans. 相似文献
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Angela Espinosa 《Systemic Practice and Action Research》1997,10(4):459-472
This paper describes and analyzes “the Social Solidarity Network” (SSN), which is an agency of the Office of the President
of the national government of Colombia. Its purpose is to promote self-development programs in the poorest communities in
the country, as well as to improve their local public decision-making and other organizational mechanisms. The workings of
the “monitoring system” used by the SSN, whose design has been inspired by Beer's ideas of monitoring and control, are introduced
and discussed (Beer, 1979/1981a,b; Espejo and Harnden, 1989). The paper also offers a brief analysis of the structural mechanisms
currently in use for communicating among local government agencies and the other departmental, regional, and national levels
of government. This analysis indicates that the national authorities design and supervise the local planning and control mechanisms
too closely and often ignore the existence and views of the intermediate recursions of government and the priorities of the
local communities. The paper concludes with an assessment of the multi-university-based monitoring system used to follow up
the activities and results of the SSN. 相似文献
59.
Morin RD Mendez-Lago M Mungall AJ Goya R Mungall KL Corbett RD Johnson NA Severson TM Chiu R Field M Jackman S Krzywinski M Scott DW Trinh DL Tamura-Wells J Li S Firme MR Rogic S Griffith M Chan S Yakovenko O Meyer IM Zhao EY Smailus D Moksa M Chittaranjan S Rimsza L Brooks-Wilson A Spinelli JJ Ben-Neriah S Meissner B Woolcock B Boyle M McDonald H Tam A Zhao Y Delaney A Zeng T Tse K Butterfield Y Birol I Holt R Schein J Horsman DE Moore R Jones SJ Connors JM Hirst M Gascoyne RD Marra MA 《Nature》2011,476(7360):298-303
Follicular lymphoma (FL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are the two most common non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs). Here we sequenced tumour and matched normal DNA from 13 DLBCL cases and one FL case to identify genes with mutations in B-cell NHL. We analysed RNA-seq data from these and another 113 NHLs to identify genes with candidate mutations, and then re-sequenced tumour and matched normal DNA from these cases to confirm 109 genes with multiple somatic mutations. Genes with roles in histone modification were frequent targets of somatic mutation. For example, 32% of DLBCL and 89% of FL cases had somatic mutations in MLL2, which encodes a histone methyltransferase, and 11.4% and 13.4% of DLBCL and FL cases, respectively, had mutations in MEF2B, a calcium-regulated gene that cooperates with CREBBP and EP300 in acetylating histones. Our analysis suggests a previously unappreciated disruption of chromatin biology in lymphomagenesis. 相似文献
60.