Extended megadroughts in the southwestern United States during Pleistocene interglacials

The potential for increased drought frequency and severity linked to anthropogenic climate change in the semi-arid regions of the southwestern United States (US) is a serious concern. Multi-year droughts during the instrumental period and decadal-length droughts of the past two millennia were shorter and climatically different from the future permanent, 'dust-bowl-like' megadrought conditions, lasting decades to a century, that are predicted as a consequence of warming. So far, it has been unclear whether or not such megadroughts occurred in the southwestern US, and, if so, with what regularity and intensity. Here we show that periods of aridity lasting centuries to millennia occurred in the southwestern US during mid-Pleistocene interglacials. Using molecular palaeotemperature proxies to reconstruct the mean annual temperature (MAT) in mid-Pleistocene lacustrine sediment from the Valles Caldera, New Mexico, we found that the driest conditions occurred during the warmest phases of interglacials, when the MAT was comparable to or higher than the modern MAT. A collapse of drought-tolerant C(4) plant communities during these warm, dry intervals indicates a significant reduction in summer precipitation, possibly in response to a poleward migration of the subtropical dry zone. Three MAT cycles ～2?°C in amplitude occurred within Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11 and seem to correspond to the muted precessional cycles within this interglacial. In comparison with MIS 11, MIS 13 experienced higher precessional-cycle amplitudes, larger variations in MAT (4-6?°C) and a longer period of extended warmth, suggesting that local insolation variations were important to interglacial climatic variability in the southwestern US. Comparison of the early MIS 11 climate record with the Holocene record shows many similarities and implies that, in the absence of anthropogenic forcing, the region should be entering a cooler and wetter phase.     

差厚板退火过程的组织演变模拟研究

以CR340差厚板退火过程为研究对象,采用实验和模拟方法对其组织演变进行对比分析.结果表明,运用MATLAB软件开发的模拟再结晶退火CA程序可以用来模拟差厚板退火过程,并验证了该模型的可靠性.     

平茬更新代次对杞柳生长及柳条产量和质量的影响

选择淮河低湿地不同平茬更新代次的杞柳林分,对其生长情况及柳条产量、质量进行调查,并对平茬更新代次的影响进行评价。结果表明:0～4代杞柳林分在叶面积指数、柳条平均直径和长度以及生物量方面均不存在显著差异;1代林分柳条分化严重,整齐度低,细弱型柳条(D<0.4 cm)比例达44%,需要在栽培过程中加以人工调控;4代林分柳条的整齐度较高,但产条数量较0～2代林分低20%以上,并且粗大型柳条(D>0.8 cm)所占比例略高于其他代次,建议在生产中采用1年2次收获的方式以增加中细型柳条的产量。     

冷冲压模具中板料成型的CAE分析

现今,逐渐成熟的CAE分析成为了模具设计中必不可少的一部分,它可以在模具被投入到实际生产前就能发现存在的一些问题,然后工程师就能通过分析的结果来修改设计方案,使得模具的生产周期有所减少。     

基于WEB数据库的重大天气过程电子信息平台

Web的出现极大地改变了人们的生活方式,Web已经成为一个信息的载体和传播的媒介,将Web技术和数据库技术的结合已成为WWW信息服务技术发展的趋势。本文从系统设计原则、系统设计模型、系统数据访问策略、数据库设计、系统功能等介绍了基于Web数据库技术开发的重大天气过程电子信息平台。     

纳米磁种材料表面改性及其水吸附性能

中国的水资源状况日益严峻,因此迫切需要发展水处理新技术.与传统技术相比,超导磁分离技术具有低投资、低成本等优点.磁种是利用超导磁分离法处理含非磁性污染物废水的关键材料.本文采用化学共沉淀技术制备了Fe3O4纳米颗粒,利用等离子体有机聚合法和化学植入法对磁性纳米颗粒进行表面修饰,制备出麦秸杆纤维素自组装和聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVA)覆膜两种磁种材料.X射线衍射、透射电镜微观组织分析和红外光谱分析均表明具有吸附功能的活性基团和磁性颗粒能很好地结合.对改性后纳米磁种颗粒对水中阴阳离子和有机物的吸附性能的研究证明两类磁种材料均表现出90%以上的吸附率,可以满足超导磁分离水处理的要求.     

双曲柄机构的急回运动特性研究

分析用图解法和解析法研究分析了双曲柄机构的急回运动特性，推导出了计算双曲柄机构急回特性系数的公式，最后给出一应用实例。