Some observations on pigments of the pacific sand dollars,Dendraster excentricus andDentraster laevis

Zusammenfassung Dendraster laevis bildet ein grünes, wasserlösliches Pigment (farblos bei pH unter 5) und kein Echinochrom.Dendraster excentricus dagegen erzeugt zwei purpurrote, wasserlösliche und zwei echinochromähnliche Pigmente.

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Contribution from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, New Series No 773.     

The incorporation of 8-14C-adenine and 8-14C-guanine into PNA ofRhodospirillum rubrum

Zusammenfassung Das molare Verhältnis von Guanin zu Adenin in PNA vonR. rubrum ist 1,23. Ganze Zellen vonR. rubrum verbinden sich mit¹⁴C-Adenin in gleichem Mengenverhältnis zu PNA-Adenin und -Guanin, mit¹⁴C-Guanin aber fast ausschliesslich zu PNA-Guanin.     

An intense stratospheric jet on Jupiter

The Earth's equatorial stratosphere shows oscillations in which the east-west winds reverse direction and the temperatures change cyclically with a period of about two years. This phenomenon, called the quasi-biennial oscillation, also affects the dynamics of the mid- and high-latitude stratosphere and weather in the lower atmosphere. Ground-based observations have suggested that similar temperature oscillations (with a 4-5-yr cycle) occur on Jupiter, but these data suffer from poor vertical resolution and Jupiter's stratospheric wind velocities have not yet been determined. Here we report maps of temperatures and winds with high spatial resolution, obtained from spacecraft measurements of infrared spectra of Jupiter's stratosphere. We find an intense, high-altitude equatorial jet with a speed of approximately 140 m s(-1), whose spatial structure resembles that of a quasi-quadrennial oscillation. Wave activity in the stratosphere also appears analogous to that occurring on Earth. A strong interaction between Jupiter and its plasma environment produces hot spots in its upper atmosphere and stratosphere near its poles, and the temperature maps define the penetration of the hot spots into the stratosphere.