A theoretical model for mid-and low-latitude ionospheric electric fields in realistic geomagnetic fields

The geomagnetic fields, which play important roles in the ionospheric dynamo, can greatly affect the global distribution of ionospheric electric fields, currents and other ionospheric electrodynamics phenomena. In the study of ionospheric electrodynamics phenomena, such as the longitudinal variations of ionospheric electric fields, the non-dipolar component of the geomagnetic fields must be taken into account. In this paper, we deduce a theoretical electric field model for ionospheric dynamo at mid- and low-latitude which adopt a modified magnetic apex coordinates system. In the new electric field model, the geomagnetic fields can be calculated from either the IGRF model or the dipole field model, and the neutral winds and conductivities are calculated based on empirical models. Then the dynamo equation for the electric potential is finally solved in terms of the line-by-line iteration method, and the ionospheric electric fields and currents are derived from the calculated potential. Our model can reproduce the main features of the ionospheric electrodynamics processes, so it will be a useful tool for the investigation of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere.     

2．5亿年前致命高温造成赤道低纬度区生态系坍塌

中国地质大学（武汉）赖旭龙领导的研究小组和英国利兹大学、德国爱尔兰根大学一纽伦堡大学在合作研究中发现．距今2．5亿年前的二叠纪末造成地球上绝大多数物种消失的生物大灭绝事件，其后的早三叠世早期死亡区延续了长达500万年的主要原因．是当时的温度达到致命的程度。该研究成果已发表在2012年10月19日的美国Science上。     

Analysis of the global T_m–T_s correlation and establishment of the latitude-related linear model

In this study,the correlation between Tm,a key variable in GNSS water vapor inversion,and surface temperature(Ts)was calculated on a global scale based on the global geodetic observing system(GGOS)atmosphere Tmdata and European centre for medium-range weather forecasts(ECMWF)surface temperature data.The results show that their correlation is mainly affected by latitudes,and the correlation is stronger at high latitudes and weaker at low latitudes.Although the correlation is relatively weak in the tropic areas,the temperature changes so little in a year in these areas that we can still achieve good Tmresults by linear regression model.Based on these facts,‘‘GGOS atmosphere’’Tmdata and ECMWF Tsdata from 2005 to2011 were used to establish the global latitude-related linear regression model.The new model has root mean square error(RMSE)of 3.2,3.3,and 4.4 K,respectively,compared with respect to the‘‘GGOS atmosphere’’data,COSMIC data,and radiosonde data and is more accurate than the Bevis Tm–Tsrelationship.     

2018年4月钠层激光雷达观测特性研究

通过钠层激光雷达观测,研究了中国低纬地区2018年4月的特征采集样例,对比观测发现海南上空出现了间歇型的钠层分布规律,以及较为少见长久持续的钠层双峰结构。同时观测到了4月单天的钠层结构与重力波的相互作用。在重力波的作用下钠层峰型保持完好,并有明显的峰位向下移动。当重力波达到饱和值时,波破碎导致了钠层形态的变化,实验观测数据与理论符合极好,表明春季中国低纬度地区钠层变化具有一定的多样性。     

35 ka BP climate simulations in East Asia and probing the mechanisms of climate changes

Interglacial or postglacial climates are all of charac-teristic of warmer conditions. However, if condition asso-ciated with the warm feature is wetter or drier than today,it would produce different impacts on natural environ-ments and human society. Quaternary studies found thatclimate with warm-dry or warm-wet conditions had oc-curred in China during the last 40—30 ka BP[1]. For ex-ample, it was warmer than the present during themid-Holocene (3—8 ka BP) and the late phases of MarineIsot…     

去! 西昌!

"月城"西昌,位于四川省西南部,是凉山州的州府所在地。以全国三大航天基地之一的西昌卫星发射中心闻名于世。近年来,"养在深闺人未识"的山水阳光和独特风情,吸引了越来越多的游客。下面,我们一同去领略西昌之美吧!西昌之所以被称为"月城"。是因为其低纬度、高海拔的地质特征,加上全年降雨少,空气湿度小,导致西昌的天气总是出奇的通透辽阔,因此月亮也显得又大又圆。     

亚洲热带边缘海近20年热带风暴生成纬度与海温变化的趋势分析

亚洲热带边缘海包括阿拉伯海、孟加拉湾、南海和西北太平洋.文中利用美国海军联合台风警报中心JTWC(Joint Typhoon Warning Center)提供的1979-2002年南亚热带边缘海域热带气旋资料和同时期NCAR/NCEP海表温度资料分析了热带气旋生成的纬度趋势.结果:伴随海温的升高,阿拉伯海、孟加拉湾和南海的热带气旋生成最低纬度和平均纬度都有减小的趋势;西北太平洋的热带气旋生成纬度还有增大的趋势;对应低纬海温年际升高,热带气旋生成纬度有减小的年际振荡.     

郁金香促成栽培技术研究及园林应用

郁金香(Tulipa gesneriana)属百合科郁金香属的球根花卉，作为荷兰的国花，现已培育出6000多个栽培品种，而其商品种球也是我国各地近年来重点引进的花卉。基本栽培方式有两种，一是自然花期的栽培，二是调节花期的栽培(主要指促成栽培)。使花期比自然花期提前的栽培方式称为促成栽培[1]福州作为南方低纬度地区，由于冬季低温期不足以使郁金香完成其花朵的春化作用，所以基本上采用进口国外已作处理的种球作促成栽培。     

低纬度地区太阳运动轨迹的研究

利用美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)的数据研究了低纬度地区太阳方位角、高度角的变化规律,提出了与文献中不同的符合低纬度地区太阳方位角、高度角变化规律的计算公式,模拟得到低纬度地区太阳的运动轨迹,并验证了结果的正确性。     

全球变暖，植物也要找地方乘凉

不要以为只是人和其他动物怕热，其实植物也很怕热。而且．植物为了躲避太热的地方，它们的后代会随着风慢慢向凉爽的地方迁移。美国最新一期出版的《科学》杂志上的一篇文章指出，在过去几十年中受到全球气候变暖的影响．许多欧洲的植物开始向高海拔地区迁移．因为高海拔地区比低海拔地区的气温低一些。与此同时。一些原本生活在炎热的低纬度地区（热带和温带）的植物也开始向高纬度地区（温带和寒带）转移，希望在靠近南北两极的区域寻找凉爽之地。