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《Journal of Natural History》2012,46(39-40):2557-2574
The selection of Tubulipora lobulata Hincks, 1880 as type species when establishing Oncousoecia is interpreted as a deliberate misapplication of a name, the nominal species T. lobulata having been originally described by Hassall in 1841. Canu is deemed to have created a new nominal species, Oncousoecia lobulata Canu, 1918, which is the valid type species of Oncousoecia. Microeciella Taylor and Sequeiros, 1982 and Eurystrotos Hayward and Ryland, 1985 have each been used to accommodate similar oncousoeciid species with subcircular colonies. The type species of Eurystrotos, Alecto compacta Norman, 1867, has a branching colony‐form and does not differ appreciably from Oncousoecia with which it is here synonymized. Another species, Diastopora suborbicularis Hincks, 1880, previously regarded as being a junior synonym of A. compacta Norman, 1867 (itself a subjective junior synonym of Alecto dilatans Johnston, 1847), has a different ancestrular morphology and an unbranched colony‐form. It is here transferred to Microeciella. 相似文献
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《Journal of Natural History》2012,46(3-4):119-159
Pilargis de Saint‐Joseph, 1899 includes seven species and one subspecies: P. berkeleyae Monro, 1933, P. maculata Hartman, 1947, P. modesta Intes and le Loeuff, 1975, P. mohri Gallardo, 1968, P. papillata Rasmussen, 1973, P. tardigrada (Webster, 1879), P. verrucosa de Saint‐Joseph, 1899, and P. verrucosa pacifica Uschakov, 1955. Two species (P. verrucosa and P. berkeleyae) have been recorded from widespread localities. However, no comparison with type material has been done, and there might be some different forms under the same name. We have reviewed all the available type material in order to clarify the taxonomy of this group. A critical analysis of morphological features and a standardization of their structure and variability have been attempted. Six species are redescribed, one species is characterized after published accounts, and one subspecies is elevated to species. Four are described as new: Pilargis angeli n. sp., P. cholae n. sp., P. rozbaczyloi n. sp., and P. wolfi n. sp. Three others based on damaged material are briefly characterized. A key for Pilargis species is included. 相似文献
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《Journal of Natural History》2012,46(41-44):2569-2620
The aim of this paper is to revise populations of Macrothrix cf. hirsuticornis (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Macrothricidae) from different regions of the southern hemisphere. It is demonstrated that M. hirsuticornis Norman and Brady, 1867 s. str. is absent there, and five related species occupy different Subantarctic islands and the southernmost portions of South America, and Africa. Macrothrix boergeni Studer, 1878 from the Kerguelen Archipelago is redescribed and a neotype is selected. All populations in the southernmost portion of continental South America, Tierra del Fuego, Falklands, South Georgia, South Orkney Islands, and on the Antarctic Peninsula belong to M. oviformis Ekman, 1900. All the taxa described from this region—M. ciliata Vávra, 1900, M. odontocephala Daday, 1902, M. propinqua Sars, 1909, and, probably, M. inflata Daday, 1902—are junior synonyms of M. oviformis. Two new species are established: M. sarsi sp. nov. from the Cape region of South Africa and M. ruehei sp. nov. from Crozet, Marion islands, and Île Amsterdam. Macrothrix cf. flagellata Smirnov and Timms, 1983, previously known only from Tasmania, is found on Macquarie Island too. Differences between species from the southern hemisphere and Palaearctic M. hirsuticornis are summarized. It is demonstrated that characters of the general body shape (i.e. presence of a hood or a tooth on posterior head border) have a limited value for the systematics of Macrothrix. In contrast, some fine details, mostly missed by previous authors, are valuable for species discrimination. The present study increases the number of species recorded from the Antarctic‐Subantarctic region. Probably, the current pattern of Macrothrix distribution results from a disruption of a pan‐continental (early Mesozoic?) species complex. 相似文献
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《Journal of Natural History》2012,46(15-16):913-925
Mosquitoes of four Iranian islands (Abu-Musa, Hormuz, Larak and Qeshm), Hormozgan Province of southern Iran, were surveyed between 2005 and 2007. In 521 specimens collected, 14 species belonging to four genera were identified: Anopheles culicifacies Giles sensu lato (s.l.), An. dthali Patton, An. fluviatilis James s.l., An. stephensi Liston, An. turkhudi Liston, Culex bitaeniorhynchus Giles, Cx. perexiguus Theobald, Cx. pseudovishnui Colless, Cx. quinquefasciatus Say, Cx. sitiens Wiedemann, Cx. theileri Theobald, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus Giles, Culiseta longiareolata (Macquart) and Ochlerotatus (= Aedes) caspius (Pallas) s.l. This is the first record of all of these species on the islands. Cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) barcode sequences were used to confirm the taxonomic identity of An. stephensi, Cx. quinquefasciatus and Oc. caspius s.l. from the islands and mainland of Hormozgan Province, with genetic isolation noted in both Oc. caspius s.l. and Cx. quinquefasciatus samples collected in Abu-Musa Island. Morphological anomalies in island specimens of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. pseudovishnui are discussed. 相似文献
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《Journal of Natural History》2012,46(25-28):1717-1730
The puparial stage is described for each of four saproxylic hoverflies (Diptera, Syrphidae): Ferdinandea fumipennis Kassebeer, 1999, Mallota dusmeti Andréu, 1926, Myolepta difformis Strobl, 1909, and Myolepta obscura Becher, 1882. Early stages were collected at Cabañeros National Park in Ciudad Real province, central Spain. Mallota dusmeti, M. difformis, and M. obscura were found in water‐filled holes of live Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl. trees and the larva of F. fumipennis was found in a sap run on a live Quercus pyrenaica Wild. tree. Larvae were identified by rearing them to the adult stage. Puparia of these species possessed generic‐level characters found in congenerics. Apparent species‐level characters separating them from early stages of congenerics are proposed. The records reported here are the first for the Iberian Peninsula of M. obscura. Mallota dusmeti, M. difformis, and Myolepta obscura are extremely rare in Europe with M. dusmeti classed as “vulnerable” in the Spanish Invertebrate Red Data Book. 相似文献
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《Journal of Natural History》2012,46(17-18):1219-1260
A new species of Prosorhochmus is described from Belize and Florida based on morphological, reproductive and sequence data. Similar to Prosorhochmus nelsoni (Sanchez, 1973), Prosorhochmus belizeanus sp. nov. is gonochoric and oviparous; all other species of Prosorhochmus are viviparous hermaphrodites. Prosorhochmus belizeanus sp. nov. differs from P. nelsoni by having significantly larger stylets and different arrangement of acidophilic cephalic glands. Sequence divergence between the two is 7.4% (16S) and 9.1% (COI), comparable to divergence from the viviparous hermaphroditic species. Prosorhochmus Keferstein, 1862 is revised based on re‐evaluation of the type and voucher material as well as fresh specimens collected by us. We conclude that Prosorhochmus adriaticus Senz, 1993 is insufficiently described and cannot be distinguished from Prosorhochmus claparedii Keferstein, 1862. We re‐establish Prosorhochmus korotneffi Bürger, 1895 from its previous synonymization with P. claparedii and designate it as type species of Arhochmus gen. nov. 相似文献
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《Journal of Natural History》2012,46(43):3687-3784
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《Journal of Natural History》2012,46(17-20):999-1023
Seven species of the marine enchytraeid genus Grania Southern, 1913 are described from sediments sampled during the 2003 International Workshop on the Marine Flora and Fauna of Esperance Bay and the Recherche Archipelago, on the southern coast of Western Australia. Two species are new to science, the euryhaline Tasmanian G. dolichura Rota and Erséus, 2000 represents a new record for the state, and the remaining four species were known from other parts of Western Australia. Grania quaerens sp. n. is recognized by having a high chaetal index ( = short chaetal foot), small coelomocytes, penial apparati with long whip‐like terminal stylets, conspicuous spermathecae with ectally bulbous ducts, and ectally granulated ampullae housing sperm rings in their ental region. Grania sperantia sp. n. is readily distinguishable by the complete lack of lateral chaetae, a multiple‐banded pattern of the clitellum, extremely long sperm funnels, and the intrasegmental location of the spermathecal pores. The latter new species and four others in the collection (G. bykane Coates, 1990, G. crassiducta Coates, 1990, G. dolichura, and G. ersei Coates, 1990) are remarkable in possessing the head organ, a sensory structure unique to Grania that was not noted previously in Western Australian species. When considering the whole genus, the geographic pattern of the head organ appears southern‐centred: of the 17 species of Grania reported to possess it, as many as 13 inhabit the southern latitudes. The seventh species of the Esperance collection, G. vacivasa Coates and Stacey, 1993, is notable for the kind of items found in its gut and the unusual appearance of its pygidium. 相似文献
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《Journal of Natural History》2012,46(16):2051-2071
The genus Baccharopelma (new replacement name for Neopelma Burckhardt, 1987 nec Sclater, 1860; and for its replacement name Burckhardtia Straube and Miretzki, 1999 nec Frech, 1907 nec Brown and Hodkinson, 1988) is revised to include five named species and possibly two undescribed species. The junior homonym Burckhardtia Brown and Hodkinson nec Frech is replaced by Hodkinsonia nom. n. The introduction of the two generic replacement names necessitates two new combinations. Four species are described as new. Keys for the identification of adults and the last instar larva are provided along with species diagnoses and illustrations of taxonomically relevant structures. The galls and known biological features are briefly discussed for each species and the phylogenetic relationships among the species are analysed. Baccharopelma spp. are monophagous on Baccharis spp. (Asteraceae) on which they induce galls. The temperate South American genus has one species restricted to Chile, three to Brazil and one occurring in Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. 相似文献
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《Journal of Natural History》2012,46(27-28):1867-1884
Four species and two genera of corinnid spiders are recognized from Korea and are described and illustrated. Castianeira shaxianensis Gong, 1983 has previously been synonymized with C. paikdoensis Kim, 1997 and is misidentified with C. flavimaculata Hu, Song and Zheng, 1985 in Korea. Trachelas acuminus (Zhu and An, 1988) is synonymized with Trachelas coreanus Paik, 1991 based on the copualtory duct, the position of the spermatheca and the shape of the circular genital opening of the female situated posteriorly near the epigastric furrow. Trachelas joopili, a new species, is described and is distinguished by the largely triangular apophysis and slender coiled modified cymbium at the basal and distal part, a large horn‐shaped tibial apophysis, and slender linear embolus, twice coiled along with slender distal cymbium. A map showing the distribution of these species and a key to the species of two genera (Castianeira and Trachelas) from Korea are provided. 相似文献
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《Journal of Natural History》2012,46(29-30):1859-1866
A new genus is described: Acanthocornis gen. nov., type species, Acanthocornis flavus sp. nov. from Brazil, Pará. A new species is described: Atrocolus guarani sp. nov. from Paraguay, Cordillera, which differs from Atrocolus mariahelenae Monné and Monné, 2008 principally by the sparse punctures in the occiput and pronotum and by the dull interspaces between elytral carinae. We present new distributional data for Myzomorphus gounellei Lameere, 1912 from Brazil, São Paulo, and Biribellus martinsi Galileo, 1987 from Brazil, Rondônia, and new country data for Myzomorphus scutellatus Sallé, 1849 and Nicias alurnoides (Thomson, 1857), both from Trinidad and Tobago, and Xanthonicias prostrata Galileo, 1987 from Peru, Junin. All the species are illustrated. 相似文献
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《Journal of Natural History》2012,46(13):1591-1604
The life cycle of the gymnophallid Bartolius pierrei Cremonte, 2001 (Digenea) at Fracasso Beach (the type locality) (42°25′S, 64°07′W), Península Valdés, Argentina, was elucidated. This digenean uses the clam Darina solenoides (Mactridae) as both first and second intermediate host. The Kelp Gull, Larus dominicanus, and the Red Knot, Calidris canutus rufa, a Neotropical migratory bird, act as definitive hosts. A prevalence of infection of 92% was found in the Red Knot. The cercariae of B. pierrei did not parasitize other invertebrates, not even the tellinid clam Tellina petitiana, which shares the intertidal habitat with D. solenoides. This fact could be explained by the behaviour of the cercaria and its strategy for penetration. The cercariae enter directly in the extrapallial space of the clam by piercing the exposed mantle border. Tellina petitiana could not be invaded by B. pierrei cercariae because it does not expose the mantle border when feeding. Because the Red Knot does not feed on T. petitiana, this behaviour may constitute an adaptive strategy of the parasite. Under laboratory conditions, cercariae lived up to 2 days, metacercariae became infective in 50 days, and the adult life is considerd to be shorter than 3 days. The short adult life span in gymnophallids could be a result of adaptation to migratory birds. This fact would ensure parasite dispersion (i.e. by covering long distances in a short time) and inter-breeding with other Darina-infesting populations located far apart. Bartolius pierrei is an endemic parasite of the Magellan Region, distributed where its intermediate clam host is present, from San José Gulf in Península Valdés to the southern tip of South America. 相似文献