Hypocholesterolemic effect of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid

Zusammenfassung Bei Fütterung mit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarsäure (HMG) wurde eine bedeutende Senkung des Serum-Cholesterinspiegels sowohl in normalen, als auch in hypercholesterin-ämischen Ratten beobachtet. Bei gleichzeitiger Verabreichung von HMG und Cholesterol blieb die erwartete Zunahme beim Serumcholesterin aus und gleichzeitig wurde eine Abnahme des Cholesterinspiegels festgestellt.     

Effect of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid on hypercholesterolemic liver

Zusammenfassung Fütterung mit 3-hydroxy-3-Methylglutarsäure (HMG) führt bei hypercholesterin-ämischen Ratten zu einer bedeutenden Senkung des Leber-Cholesterinspiegels. Gleichzeitige Verabreichung von HMG und Cholesterol oder von Cholesterol allein ergab eine geringe Zunahme des Cholesterolspiegels im ersten Fall. Die histopathologische Leberuntersuchung zeigte, dass HMG-Behandlung eine schnelle Normalisierung der Fettveränderungen verursachte, ohne dass toxische Wirkung auf die Zellgewebe auftrat.     

Serum-induced stimulation of snRNA synthesis in mouse 3T3 fibroblasts

Small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) from quiescent and serum-stimulated 3T3 cultures, labeled with [3H]uridine [( 3H]U), were electrophoresed in polyacrylamide-urea slab gels and revealed by staining with ethidium bromide and by fluorography. Judged by labeling with [3H]U, synthesis of 7S and U1-U6 RNAs was very low or absent in quiescent cultures. The serum-induced transition of 3T3 cells from a resting to a growing state was accompanied by an early, apparently sequential stimulation of snRNA synthesis; stimulated synthesis of 7S, U1, U2, U3, U4 and U6 RNAs coincided in time with serum-induced stimulation of 45S pre-ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) and heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) synthesis.     

Dissolution of gallstones in hamsters by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid

Summary Addition of 0.05–0.20% of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid to a lithogenic hamster diet resulted in a marked reduction in the incidence of gallstones in hamsters.Supported, in part, by grants HL-03299, AG-00076 and T32 CA-09171 and a Research Career Award, HL-0734 from the National Institutes of Health.     

Serum-induced stimulation of snRNA synthesis in mouse 3T3 fibroblasts

Summary Small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) from quiescent and serum-stimulated 3T3 cultures, labeled with [³H]uridine ([³H]U), were electrophoresed in polyacrylamide-urea slab gels and revealed by staining with ethidium bromide and by fluorography, Judged by labeling with [³H]U, synthesis of 7S and U1-U6 RNAs was very low or absent in quiescent cultures. The serum-induced transition of 3T3 cells from a resting to a growing state was accompanied by an early, apparently sequential stimulation of snRNA synthesis; stimulated synthesis of 7S, U1, U2, U3, U4 and U6 RNAs coincided in time with serum-induced stimulation of 45S pre-ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) and heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) synthesis.     

Direct metabolism of 7α-3H-DHEA-3-14C-glucuronoside

Zusammenfassung Es wird gezeigt, dass beim Menschen Steroide in Form ihrer 3-Glucuronoside metabolisiert werden können, und zwar in ähnlicher Weise wie dies schon für entsprechende 17-Glycoside nachgewiesen worden ist.     

Synthesis Ca3Y2Ge3O12

Zusammenfassung Ca₃Y₂Ge₃O₁₂ wurde in chemisch homogener Form auf hydrothermalem Weg hergestellt. Es besitzt eine Garnet-Struktur mit dem Gitterparametera ₀=12,804 Å.     

Modulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl CoA reductase by 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid

Rat liver microsomal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase was activated by 50% at a concentration of 0.4 mM 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid (DPG) and by 11-fold at 10 mM DPG. DPG also prevented the inactivation of HMG-CoA reductase by ATP and Mg++. Rat liver microsomal HMG-CoA reductase prepared in the presence of 1 mM DPG was significantly more active than when prepared in the absence of DPG. Activation of the enzyme by DPG and protection of the enzyme against inhibition by ATP and Mg++ by DPG were also observed with solubilized HMG-CoA reductase.     

Cardiotonic action of 3-deoxydigitoxigenin

Zusammenfassung Die Herzwirksamkeit von 3-Deoxydigitoxigenin am isolierten Froschherzen wurde geprüft. Im Gegensatz zur bisherigen Auffassung (3-Hydroxygruppe notwendig für kardiotonische Wirkung der Digitalis-Verbindungen) zeigte 3-Deoxydigitoxigenin eine starke kardiotonische Aktivität.     

Field bioassay of male Douglas-fir beetle compound 3-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-one

Summary Synthetic 3-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-one, or 3,3-MCH, decreased by 77% the flight aggregation ofDendroctonus pseudotsugae (Scolytidae) to sticky traps containing attractant (frontalin, -pinene, and resin). However, windthrown trees were protected by 3,3-MCH much less than is known to occur with the isomer 3,2-MCH.This research was supported in part by NSF grants BMS 72-02522 and DEB 77-11361 and the O.S.U. School of Forestry. We thank the administration of the Siuslaw National Forest for study sites, and Dr L.M. Libbey for GC/MS of 3,3-MCH. Oregon State University Ag. Exp. Sta. Tech. Paper No. 4313.     

Uptake of3H-noradrenaline and3H-5-hydroxytryptamine in cultured rat brainstem

Zusammenfassung Die zelluläre Lokalisation der Aufnahme von³H-NA und³H-5HT in den Hirnstamm von Ratten wurde am Modell der Nervengewebskultur untersucht. Im Gegensatz zu den Aminosäure-Transmittern, welche in Neurone und Gliazellen aufgenommen werden, zeigen Monoamine nur eine Aufnahme in Zellkörper und Fortsätze von Neuronen, nicht jedoch in Gliazellen. Es besteht eine Korrelation zwischen den Ergebnissen von fluoreszenzmikroskopischen Versuchen und unseren autoradiographischen Untersuchungen.     

Modulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl CoA reductase by 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid

Summary Rat liver microsomal 3-hydroxy-3-methylgularyl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase was activated by 50% at a concentration of 0.4 mM 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid (DPG) and by 11-fold at 10 mM DPG. DPG also prevented the inactivation of HMG-CoA reductase by ATP and Mg⁺⁺. Rat liver microsomal HMG-CoA reductase prepared in the presence of 1 mM DPG was significantly more active than when prepared in the absence of DPG. Activation of the enzyme by DPG and protection of the enzyme against inhibition by ATP and Mg⁺⁺ by DPG were also observed with solubilized HMG-CoA reductase.This work was supported by Research Award # 697 G2-1 from the American Heart Association, Greater Los Angeles Affiliate, and by grant # 1R01 HL22672 from the National Institutes of Health. We thank M. Brun and M. Curtis for their excellent technical assistance.     

3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaric acid and triton-induced hyperlipidemia in rats

Summary 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid (HMG) significantly decreased cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid levels in whole serum, serum -lipoproteins and liver of Triton-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Therapeutically 50 mg HMG/kg is equivalent to 200 mg nicotinic acid/kg in lowering all these lipid parameters. HMG may exert its hypolipidemic effect through inhibition of lipoprotein synthesis.Acknowledgments. We are grateful to Dr.M. Saleemuddin for encouragement, Dr.P. E. Schurr, Upjohn Co. USA for generous gift of Triton W. R 1339 and Lady Tata Memorial Trust (India) for financial assistance to one of us (SYKY).     

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and experimental atherosclerosis in rats

Summary In rats 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid effectively counteracts the lipemic and atherosclerotic response of massive doses of vitamin D₂. It regressed the formation of atheromatous arterial lesions. Furthermore the significant decrease in serum -lipoprotein levels on HMG treatment could be due to decrease in VLDL triglyceride and cholesterol levels.Acknowledgments. The authors are indebted to Dr.W. Drell, President, Calbiochem, San Diego, California, USA, for generous gift of HMG and Lady Tata Memorial Trust, India, for providing financial assistance to one of us (S.Y.K.Y.).     

Insulin-like effect of dichloroacetic acid on hexose transport in Swiss 3T3 cells

Hexose transport in Swiss 3T3 cells was increased by treatment with dichloroacetic acid as well as by treatment with insulin. Neither extra- nor intracellular Ca2+ was found to be involved in their stimulatory action. On the other hand, the removal of intracellular Mg2+ resulted in a loss of the stimulation. These results suggest that dichloroacetic acid stimulates the hexose transport in Mg2+-dependent manner, similar to that of insulin.