微生物细胞溶胶-凝胶法磁性化研究

以微生物细胞为模板可制备具有多样形状的磁性或导电微颗粒．本文探讨微生物细胞溶胶一凝胶法磁性化的可行性，以尺寸在微米级的具有天然螺旋形体的微生物材料螺旋藻的细胞为模板进行细胞溶胶．凝胶法包覆磁性材料铁氧体的工艺研究，并通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜、电子能谱、透射电镜、X射线衍射对其细胞形态、表层成分、相结构进行观察与分析．结果表明，螺旋藻细胞经溶胶．凝胶处理后表面能包覆上铁氧体材料；其天然螺旋形体可保持良好，得到的单体表面磁性层厚度、成分基本均匀，在文中试验条件下，细胞表层铁氧体为立方尖晶石结构的Fe3O4；还可观察到细胞内部有纳米颗粒产生，同时细胞间横壁也有沉积．还探讨了微生物细胞溶胶．凝胶法磁性化工艺过程的物理化学反应机理．     

无机薄膜光栅的制备及其衍射特性研究

有效地结合激光干涉法和化学刻蚀法，提出一种制备高密度、高衍射效率无机光栅的新方法．采用溶胶．凝胶法和化学修饰法合成具有紫外感光性的含锆溶胶，并在（100）硅基板上制备含锆感光性凝胶薄膜．利用该薄膜，结合激光干涉技术和热处理工艺制备出周期为1μm的无机ZrO2薄膜光栅．为了提高光栅的深宽比，采用碘饱和的KOH各向异性刻蚀剂对无机光栅进行湿法化学刻蚀，从而有效地提高了光栅的衍射效率．对刻蚀后的光栅进行表面镀金处理，提高光栅的表面光洁度和反射率使得光栅的衍射效率得到进一步的提高．     

溶液—溶胶—凝胶—自蔓燃法快速合成Bi系超导体原始粉末

提出了一种结合溶液－溶胶－凝胶法和溶液自蔓烯法的Ｂｉ系超导体原始粉末制备方法。主要分两步：９１）利用ＳＳＧ法制取成分均匀的湿凝胶；（２）利用ＳｏｌｕｔｉｏｎＳＨＳ法将湿凝胶在短时间内转变成低碳含量软团聚，超细的Ｂｉ系超导体原始粉末。克服了传统ＳＳＧ法制备的粉末形成硬团聚，颗粒粗大和碳含量高的严重缺点，并使制粉周期大大缩短。     

高纯球形纳米SiO2的制备、改性与应用研究

高纯球形纳米SiO_2是一种具有诸多优越性能的新型材料,对于诸多行业产品的提档升级具有极其重要的意义。本文综述了纳米SiO_2的制备及改性方法,对各种方法进行了归纳和评价,并对其应用领域作了简要概括。通过研究表明,以粉石英为基本原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的纳米SiO_2具有纯度高、球形度高、成本低等特点。     

亚微米PZT阵列制备及铁电性能研究

采用感光溶胶-凝胶法, 在ITO/石英基板上制备了具有紫外感光性的PZT前驱溶胶及凝胶薄膜. 利用薄膜自身的感光性, 采用He-Cd紫外激光双光束干涉和二次曝光工艺, 结合有机溶剂溶洗和600℃, 15 min热处理, 制备了点阵周期为1 μm, 阵列格点尺寸为480 nm×480 nm×40 nm的PZT薄膜阵列. 并将原子力显微镜(AFM)和铁电测试仪联用, 采用具有导电涂层的探针, 通过扫描获得铁电阵列的三维图像. 据此图像, 把探针定位于特定的微小格点上, 由铁电仪通过AFM探针提供电压, 并经探针将测试信号反馈给铁电仪, 以获得格点的电滞回线. 结果表明, 亚微米量级的PZT阵点随外电场的变化可以实现极化反转, 表现出明显的铁电特性.     

聚合质量比对Sr0．7La0．15Ce0．15Fe11.7Zn0．3O19／PAn复合体系微波吸收性能的影响

用原位聚合法制备了Sr0．7La0．15Ce0．15Fe11.7Zn0．3O19铁氧体／聚苯胺（PAn）复合材料。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对样品的结构、微观表面形貌和粒子大小进行了表征，用微波矢量网络分析仪测量样品在2～12．4GHZ频率范围内复介电常数和复磁导率，根据测量数据计算微波反射率R与频率f的关系。研究结果表明：PAn包覆于掺杂锶铁氧体表面，PAn／Sr0．7La0．15Ce0．15Fe11.7Zn0．3O19复合材料具有良好的吸波性能，随着掺杂锶铁氧体含量的增加，微波吸收匹配厚度和吸收带宽发生变化：当Sr0．7La0．15Ce0．15Fe11.7Zn0．3O19聚合质量比为40％时，最佳匹配厚度为2．6mm，吸收峰值接近-40dB，峰值频率高于12．4GHz，大于10dB吸收带宽预计达到55GHz。     

稀土-金属共掺杂纳米TiO2的制备及其光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了稀土La3 、Ce3 单掺杂及La-Fe、Ce-Fe共掺杂TiO2光催化剂,利用XRD、FE-SEM等手段对样品的结构、形貌进行了表征.以甲基橙为光催化反应模型化舍物,考察了掺杂对光催化活性的影响.实验结果表明:稀土-金属掺杂抑制了TiO2锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,抑制了纳米晶体的生长.掺杂后TiO2光催化荆的光催化性能有明显提高,共掺杂TiO2光催化剂产生了协同效应,其光催化性能优于单掺杂样品,以La 0.5%-Fe 0.05%共掺杂效果最佳.     

预填充支撑体制备介孔硅MCM-48分子筛膜

利用水溶液填充平均孔径为0.2μm的ZrO2管式非对称支撑体,水热合成法制备得到了高通量的MCM-48分子筛膜.首先将支撑体浸泡在预先制备的具有一定pH值的水溶液中,负压抽吸以排除支撑体中的气体,然后放入溶胶中水热合成,经乙醇/盐酸溶液（EtOH/HCl）萃取干燥后得到MCM-48分子筛膜.单组分气体（N2,H2）渗透实验表明,利用水溶液填充支撑体与干燥支撑体相比,可以明显改善MCM-48分子筛成膜质量.通过二次合成可以得到高通量、完整的MCM-48分子筛膜,常温、跨膜压差为0.05MPa时N2渗透系数为5.66×10-7mol/（Pa·s·m2）,H2/N2分离因子可达到3.47.     

醋酸处理对TiO2薄膜亲水性的影响

本文用溶胶-凝胶法制备均匀透明的TiO2薄膜,在400℃锻烧2 h,再在一定浓度的醋酸中浸泡处理24 h,最后在300℃、400℃、500℃进行第二次热处理0.5 h.用X射线衍射、原子力显微镜、紫外-可见分光光度计表征了处理前后薄膜的晶相结构、表面形貌及薄膜的光学性能.研究了醋酸的浓度、避光时间及光照时间对薄膜亲水性的影响.实验表明：用醋酸浸泡处理后的薄膜亲水性明显提高.光谱及AFM分析表明,导致TiO2薄膜亲水性改善的原因是醋酸浸泡处理后的薄膜表面结构的发生了变化.醋酸的最佳浓度为1 mol/L.     

钴铜镍铁氧体/碳纳米管复合物的制备及电磁性能

用溶液填充法制备了Co0.6Cu0.16Ni0.24Fe2O4铁氧体/碳纳米管（CCNF/MWNTs）复合物.通过现代测试技术表征了样品的结构、热稳定性、形貌和吸波性能.探讨了铁离子浓度、反应时间、煅烧温度等对其电-磁性能的影响.结果表明,复合物的电导率主要与其中MWNTs的含量有关;磁性与MWNTs中填充CCNF的量成正比.当[Fe3＋]=0.25mol/L,填充时间为18h,煅烧温度为350°C时,所制备的CCNF/MWNTs复合物具有最佳的介电损耗和磁损耗性能,且复合物在9.76GHz处的反射损耗极值为22.47dB,有效带宽大于2.0GHz.由此推测,CCNF/MWNTs复合物是一类具有较大潜在应用价值的电磁波吸收材料.     

The effect of lactose and iron on strontium absorption

In rats fed on a milk diet with or without the addition of lactose and/or iron the transileal strontium-85 transfer was higher by 14-38% and the intestinal strontium retention lower by 6-23% than in control rats fed on standard laboratory food.     

PPS/FEP复合涂层制备和性能研究

以涂层结合强度为评价标准,采用混料回归实验优化设计了PPS/FEP复合涂层各层涂料配方,用拉开法测定涂层的结合强度。研究了涂料组成、涂层制备工艺参数和涂层体系对涂层结合强度的影响,确定了涂层的制备方法和工艺参数。     

External strontium and contractility in single giant muscle fibers of the barnacle

Summary Isometric tension and membrane potential in response to electrical stimulation have been studied on single giant muscle fibers of the barnacle upon replacement of external calcium with strontium. Under these conditions, the membrane response showed after the normal peak depolarization, a plateau phase lasting 3–7 sec before repolarization took place, while the force of contraction showed a linear relation with external strontium concentration. A direct action of strontium ions on contractile proteins (namely troponin) can be ruled out in favor of a triggering action on the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which, in turn, leads to calcium release and development of tension.Acknowledgment. I wish to thank Dr C. C. ashley in whose laboratory the research reported in this paper was performed, and Mrs L. M. Castell for invaluable technical assistance. This work was supported by grant No. 106140/048104235 from Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Italy.     

A simple method of preparing chick eggs for chorio-allantoic grafts

Summary A method of preparing chick hosts for receiving grafts to the chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM) is described, which is quicker and requires less manipulative skill than that in general use.     

Occurrence of sepiapterin deaminase in the normal type silkworm,Bombyx mori

Summary Sepiapterin deaminase was prepared from the normal strain of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. After inhibition experiments, this enzyme was found to have the same properties as that isolated from the lemon mutant strain. Several new inhibitors and their K₁ values are described for the deaminase.The authors wish to thank Dr Wm. Gyure, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Massachusetts, USA, for his help in preparing this report.     

Two 2-dimensional electrophoreses: A combination of crossed immunoelectrophoresis and dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for protein analysis

Summary An improved method of two 2-dimensional electrophoreses that combined crossed immunoelectrophoresis and 2-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was developed with a horizontal gel-electrophoretic apparatus.Acknowledgments. Part of this study was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant Nos PCM 75-15323 A01 and PCM-7910664.     

多孔Cu2O／SnO2复合薄膜的制备及其可见光催化降解罗丹明B的性能

采用浸渍-沉积方法在电沉积的多孔Cu薄膜上修饰一层纳米SnO2，经低温热氧化处理制备出多孔Cu2O／SnO2复合多层薄膜。运用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X-射线粉末衍射仪（XRD）、紫外可见漫反射光谱（UV—vis DRS）和荧光光谱（FS）技术表征了薄膜的结构、形貌和光学性质。测试了薄膜在可见光下降解罗丹明B（RhB）的性能。结果表明，在30℃的0．2mol／LCuSO4＋1．5mol／L H2SO4镀液中，以1.5A／cm^2电流沉积20s得蓟的多孔Cu薄膜，在SnO2溶胶中浸渍10s并重复5次，再经空气气氛下100℃焙烧30min，锻得的多孔复夸薄膜显示良好的可见光催化降解RhB的性铯。     

Formation of 5-hydroxytryptophol by blood platelets after thrombin and reserpine

Summary A new method for preparing semisynthetic penicillin is based on the reaction of organic acids with N,N-dimethylchloroformiminum chloride followed by condensation with salts of 6-aminopenicillanic acid. The method is very simple and has a broad application.     

Purification of RNA from animal cells using diethyl-pyrocarbonate

Summary Extraction of RNA from animal cells by a method using diethyl-pyrocarbonate yielded 50–60% of the total RNA. RNA purified by a hot phenol-SDS method from adenovirus 2 infected cells showed about 9% homology with adenovirus DNA, and RNA purified by diethyl-pyrocarbonate-SDS showed over 7% hybridization. Profiles of RNA prepared by both methods were identical when studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.Acknowledgment. This investigation was supported by U.S. Public Health Services research grant No. 5R01-CA10724-03 from the National Cancer Institute.