化学发光试剂研究新进展

综述了近十年来几种主要化学发光试剂的研究新进展。内容包括鲁米诺类、吖啶酯类、1,2-二氧环乙烷类和洛粉碱类等化学发光试剂的新型衍生物的结构、发光性能和特点。引用文献48篇。     

鲁米诺体系的多通道电致化学发光

本文综述了鲁米诺体系在金属、非金属以及半导体电极上的电位分辨电致化学发光行为和机理,揭示了鲁米诺电致化学发光的多通道性及其对电极材料、电极电位和电极表面状态的依赖性。     

化学发光免疫分析

本文综述了化学发光免疫分析的基本原理及应用。根据标记物的不同，化学发光免疫分析主要分为三大类：化学发光免疫分析，化学发光酶免疫分析和电化学发光免疫分析。引用文献89篇。     

Spore germination inHebeloma stimulated by living plant roots

Summary Basidiospores from 14 strains ofHebeloma (Agaricales) representing 5 groups of mycorrhiza-forming species were tested for germination on a nutrient agar medium. Germination occurred in 13 strains but never exceeded 0.1%. A 10-fold increase or more in germination percentage was obtained in 4 out of 7 tested spore collections only by placing the growing root of a pine seedling among the spores on the agar medium.This investigation was in part supported by a grant from the Swedish National Science Research Council.The authors wish to thank Dr G. Bruchet for taxonomical identification of the fruit-body material.This work was carried out when D. B. was holding a bilateral French-Swedish exchange fellowship (1978–79) through the Swedish Institute, Stockholm.     

化学发光传感器研究进展

本文综述了1999年以后国内外化学发光传感器研究进展，其内容包括化学发光传感器的设计、酶基化学发光生物传感器、化学发光组织传感器、免疫化学发光传感器、催化型化学发光气体传感器、分子印迹型化学发光传感器、化学发光反应同时作为分子识别反应的化学发光传感器，并对今后的发展趋势进行展望。     

生物大分子的化学发光成像研究

本文介绍了三种化学发光成像法在人血清结合珠蛋白分型电泳的快速检测方面的应用。这三种方法都是基于鲁米诺一过氧化氢发光体系。使用免疫化学发光成像法，直接化学发光成像法和增强化学发光成像法，能够提高对结合珠蛋白检测的灵敏度，获得更宽的线性范围。我们使用这三种方法完成了对结合珠蛋白的快速、高灵敏、高选择性的检测。     

Ein optischer Messwertwandler zur Registrierung der Muskelkontraktion

Summary The set-up of a transducer is described: The deviation of a laser beam, reflected from the mirror of a torsion-myograph is transformed into an electrical analog signal.     

Assessment of the scavenging action of reduced glutathione, (+)-cyanidanol-3 and ethanol by the chemiluminescent response of the xanthine oxidase reaction

The free radical scavenging capacity of reduced glutathione (GSH), (+)-cyanidanol-3 and ethanol was assessed by their interference with the maximal chemiluminescent response produced by the xanthine oxidase reaction. GSH and (+)-cyanidanol-3 induce a progressive inhibition of chemiluminescence when increasing amounts are added to the reaction mixture. GSH and (+)-cyanidanol-3 added together at low concentrations (1 and 0.05 mM respectively) exhibit an additive effect. The addition of ethanol presents a biphasic effect. It inhibits chemiluminescence at low concentrations (10-50 mM) while at higher concentrations (75-500 mM) this effect is reversed. Estimation of the concentrations required to produce half of the maximal inhibition of chemiluminescence by these agents revealed that ethanol is less effective than GSH and (+)-cyanidanol-3 as a free radical scavenger in the system used.     

偶合反应化学发光分析

偶合反应化学发光分析是扩大化学发光分析应用范围的一种有效途径。本文主要从酶联化学发光分析、无机偶合反应化学发光分析、光化学反应一化学发光分析和电化学反应一化学发光分析四个方面对偶合反应化学发光分析的研究状况进行了评述。     

Effect of cholinesterase on the chemiluminescence of luminol

Summary The chemiluminescent oxidation of luminol was activated by cholinesterase. Physostigmine and dimethoate inhibited the luminescence, TEA had no effect. These results indicate that the esteratic site is responsible for the activating action of the enzyme.     

Optic microscope observations on changes in enamel and dentin induced by laser beams

By a laser beam, enamel and dentin are changed into an identical crystalline structure observed in reflected light and described as recrystallisation after fusion. The Vickers pyramidal numbers of these areas are the same as the mature enamel surface (590 VPN). The theoretical calculation proved that after irradiation in enamel there is an elevation of temperature about 2,5 degrees C through 3 mm. These observations suggest that new operative techniques might be possible.     

Laser-generated thermoelastic acoustic sources and acoustic waves in anisotropic plate

The effect of anisotropy on the ultrasound wave generation and propagation in the unidirectional fiber-reinforced composite plate has been investigated.A quantitative numerical model for the laser-generated ultrasound in the thermoelastic regime was presented by using a finite element method.All factors,such as spatial and time distributions of the incident laser beam,optical penetration,thermal diffusivity,and source-receiver distance can be taken into account.Numerical results show that the effect on ultr...     

A simple,sensitive, non-stimulated photon counting system for detection of superoxide anion in whole blood

A simple, sensitive, non-stimulated assay was developed to measure the superoxide anion concentration in whole blood, using an ultra-sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) analyzer, and lucignin amplification. The assay system can be performed without leukocyte isolation or stimulant administration. The blood CL levels of healthy males (362.8±337.7 counts/10 sec) were not different from those of females (335±308.7 counts/10 sec) (p=0.64), whereas the CL levels in whole blood in patients with acute pancreatitis (2522±2014 counts/10 sec) were significantly higher than those of healthy controls (p<0.001). This assay system may be valuable in the future for quantitative measurement of reactive oxygen species in various disorders.     

Super-high sensitivity systems for detection and spectral analysis of ultraweak photon emission from biological cell cells and tissues

Summary In this paper we summarize and discuss the modern technology and systems, studied and established by our research group, for performing the detection and special analysis incorporated with the super-high senstivity photon counting method for the study of ultraweak photon emission; for example, extra-weak bioluminescence and chemiluminescence from living cells and tissues, closely related to biochemical and biophysical processes and activities. An excellent sensitivity of the basic photon counting system, making it possible to achieve count rates in the very low range of one photoelectron per second to one per minute, allowed us to carry out in vivo as well as in vitro measurements, and analyses of ultraweak bioluminescence and chemiluminescence. Recent results concerning ultraweak photon emission from blood samples and organ homogenates of rats are presented and reviewed as one of the interesting and valuable applications of our modern technology for studying ultraweak cell and tissue radiation.     

Lipid peroxidation,low-level chemiluminescence and regulation of secretion in the mammary gland

In mammary explants of lactating mice, changes in the intensity of chemiluminescence (CL) were observed after the addition to the incubation medium of hormones and mediators that are involved in the regulation of secretion: oxytocin, acetylcholine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. A 15-min period of treatment with oxytocin, epinephrine or norepinephrine changed the level of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). Two mammary explants, one of which was treated with oxytocin, acetylcholine, epinephrine or norepinephrine, were found to interact even when separated by a quartz glass wall. Analysis of the level of TBARS formation in these two explants showed that the observed interactions might be connected with light emission resulting from lipid peroxidation (LP) processes. The possible role of LP and low-level CL in the regulation of mammary gland secretion is discussed.     

Super-high sensitivity systems for detection and spectral analysis of ultraweak photon emission from biological cells and tissues

In this paper we summarize and discuss the modern technology and systems, studied and established by our research group, for performing the detection and special analysis incorporated with the super-high sensitivity photon counting method for the study of ultraweak photon emission; for example, extra-weak bioluminescence and chemiluminescence from living cells and tissues, closely related to biochemical and biophysical processes and activities. An excellent sensitivity of the basic photon counting system, making it possible to achieve count rates in the very low range of one photoelectron per second to one per minute, allowed us to carry out in vivo as well as in vitro measurements, and analyses of ultraweak bioluminescence and chemiluminescence. Recent results concerning ultraweak photon emission from blood samples and organ homogenates of rats are presented and reviewed as one of the interesting and valuable applications of our modern technology for studying ultraweak cell and tissue radiation.     

过氧草酰类化学发光分析研究的新进展

过氧草酰类化学发光体系具有很高的发光效率并且适于多种类型物质检测。本文对此类发光试剂在分析化学领域的最新研究进行评述，主要内容包括发光机理的研究，新试剂的合成以及在分析检测中的应用。     

The effect of surgery and anesthetic agents on granulocyte-chemiluminescence in whole blood

Summary The effect of anesthesia and major abdominal surgery on zymosan-induced chemiluminescence (CL) of neutrophil granulocytes was evaluated. CL was measured in diluted whole blood taken at distinct intervals within the perioperative period. In addition, blood samples from healthy volunteers were supplemented with ether and halothane to investigate the in vitro effect of these agents. The phagocytosis-induced CL was not found to be depressed by anesthesia and surgery. Only at supranarcotic concentrations was CL reduced. Surgery and anesthesia, therefore, do not appear to impair this defense system significantly under the conditions of this investigation.     

The effect of surgery and anesthetic agents on granulocyte-chemiluminescence in whole blood

The effect of anesthesia and major abdominal surgery on zymosan-induced chemiluminescence (CL) of neutrophil granulocytes was evaluated. CL was measured in diluted whole blood taken at distinct intervals within the perioperative period. In addition, blood samples from healthy volunteers were supplemented with ether and halothane to investigate the in vitro effect of these agents. The phagocytosis-induced CL was not found to be depressed by anesthesia and surgery. Only at supranarcotic concentrations was CL reduced. Surgery and anesthesia, therefore, do not appear to impair this defense system significantly under the conditions of this investigation.     

化学发光分析技术在生命科学研究中的一些应用

生命过程是一个错综复杂的过程，人类对生命现象的探索由来己久。随着现代检测诊断技术，如X射线照影，B超，电子显微和CT技术等的出现，人类对生命活动的认识以及疾病的诊断取得了突飞猛进的发展。在应用这些方法观察生命过程中的宏观现象的同时，人们也把目光投向隐藏在这些宏观现象背后的微观过程，渴望从分子级别上认识生命的各种过程，即对参与生命过程的物质进行定性、定量和活性测试。核酸和蛋白质是在生命活动中最重要的两类物质，而要分析它们在生命体系中的活动并非易事，因为生命体系大都十分复杂。所以针对不同的分析对象建立有效的核酸和蛋白质分析方法已成为生命科学研究中的前沿和热门课题。目前世界上许多研究机构和商业企业在这方面投入大量的人力和财力，以期建立有效的方法和推出相应的商业试剂和仪器。纵观这方面的发展现状，我们不难发现许多当前流行的核酸和蛋白质分析方法中采用了化学发光体系。本文就化学发光法在分析核酸和蛋白质方面的发展现状做一些介绍。