Enhanced inhibition of RNA synthesis by amanitins in in vitro cultured cells

Summary The inhibition of RNA synthesis by -amanitin on vitro cultured cells is very slow. The action of various analogues of the toxin was tested and some of them proved more effective. Moreover pretreatment of cell cultures with DEAE-dextran greatly enhanced the effect of -amanitin.Acknowledgments. We thank ProfessorTh. Wieland and Dr.H. Faulstich (Max-Planck-Institut, Heidelberg) for the generous gift of amanitins. This investigation was supported by grant No. 74.00637.65 from C.N.R. (Roma).     

Production of antibodies to amanitins as the basis for their radioimmunoassay.

The production of antibodies against amanitins is described. By means of these antibodies, a radioimmunoassay was developed which allows detection of as little as 0.5 ng of amanitins in 1 ml of serum. By this method, the clearance of alpha-amanitin from the blood of poisoned mice was measured.     

Dissociation-constants of metal-ion-complexes with alkaline phosphatase from pig kidney

Summary Using metal-ion buffers it was possible to remove Zn²⁺, Mg²⁺ and Mn²⁺ ions of pig kidney alkaline phosphatase reversibly. The dissociation constants obtained are K_EMg:4·10^–7 M, K_EMn:4·10^–8 M and K_EZn:8·10^–13 M (22°C, pH:9.6, :0.07).Acknowledgement: The authors thank Dr.H. U. Wolf for helpful suggestions and valuable discussion and MissH. Köth for technical assistance.     

Über Struktur und Aktivität der den H2O2-Zerfall katalysierenden Cu2+-Komplexe. — VI. Differenzierung von nativer RNS und nativer DNS bzw. denaturierter DNS auf Grund der katalytischen Eigenschaften

Summary The catalysis of H₂O₂ decomposition by Cu²⁺-complexes of RNA and DNA has been investigated. It is shown that both complexes decompose H₂O₂, but only the Cu²⁺-RNA-system shows peroxidative activity too, e.g. only in this case the nucleotide bases are degraded. Thermal denaturation of DNA also leads to a Cu²⁺-complex with peroxidative activity, the latter being dependent on the degree of denaturation.

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V. Mitteilung:S. Petri, H. Sigel undH. Erlenmeyer, Helv. chim. Acta49, 1778 (1966).

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12. Mitteilung überMetallionen und H ₂ O ₂; 11. Mitteilung:H. Ch. Curtius, P. Anders, R. Zell, H. Sigel undH. Erlenmeyer, Helv. chim. Acta49, 2256 (1966).     

Zur Pathogenese des Urämiesyndroms1. Über den Einfluss von Tyramin auf die Acetoinsynthese aus Brenztraubensäure in Rattenleberhomogenat2

Summary Tyramine enhanced the production of acetoin from pyruvate in rat liver homogenates. A stimulation of acetoin synthesis was only observed, when tyramine was oxidized during the incubation. Tyrosol (p-hydroxyphenylethanol) stimulated acetoin synthesis whereasp-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and ammonia were ineffective.

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Mit Unterstützung des »Schweizerischen Nationalfonds» und der Firma F. Hoffmann-La Roche & Co. AG, Basel.

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8. Mitteilung. 1. Mitt.:H. Thölen, F. Bigler undH. Staub, Path. Microbiol. (Basel)24, 262 (1961). — 2. Mitt.:F. Bigler, H. Thölen undH. Staub, Helv. physiol. Acta19, C 11 (1961). — 3. Mitt.:H. Thölen, F. Bigler undH. Staub, Exper.17, 359 (1961). — 4. Mitt.:F. Bigler, H. Thölen undH. Staub, Schweiz. med. Wschr.91, 1259 (1961). — 5. Mitt.:H. Thölen, F. Bigler, A. Heusler, W. Stauffacher undH. Staub, Exper.18, 454 (1962). — 6. Mitt.:F. Bigler, H. Thölen undH. Staub, Schweiz. med. Wschr.92, 746 (1962). — 7. Mitt.:F. Bigler, H. Thölen undH. Staub, in Vorbereitung.     

The endocannabinoid system in rat gliosomes and its role in the modulation of glutamate release

The endocannabinoid system and endocannabinoid receptor-driven modulation of glutamate release were studied in rat brain cortex astroglial gliosomes. These preparations contained the endocannabinoids N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, as well their major biosynthetic (N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamines-hydrolyzing-phospholipase D and diacylglycerol-lipase) and catabolic (fatty acid amide-hydrolase and monoacylglycerol-lipase) enzymes. Gliosomes expressed type-1 (CB1R), type-2 (CB2R) cannabinoid, and type-1 vanilloid (TRPV1) receptors, as ascertained by Western blotting and confocal microscopy. Methanandamide, a stable analogue of anandamide acting as CB1R, CB2R, and TRPV1 agonist, stimulated or inhibited the depolarization-evoked gliosomal [³H]d-aspartate release, at lower and higher concentrations, respectively. Experiments with ACEA (arachidonyl-2′-chloroethylamide), JWH133 ((6aR,10aR)-3-(1,1-dimethylbutyl)-6a,7,10,10a-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-6H-dibenzo[b,d]-pyran) and capsaicin, selective agonists at CB1R, CB2R and TRPV1, respectively, demonstrated that potentiation of [³H]d-aspartate release was due to CB1R while inhibition to CB2R and TRPV1 engagement. These findings were confirmed by using selective receptor antagonists. Furthermore, CB1R activation caused increase of intracellular IP3 and Ca²⁺ concentration, suggesting an involvement of phospholipase C.     

Zur Biogenese des Xanthocillins,II1: Die Herkunft des Stickstoffs der Isonitril-Gruppen

Summary The incorporation of tyrosine-2-¹⁴C-¹⁵N into xanthocillin X (I) byPenicillium notatum Westling has been investigated showing that nitrogen of the isocyano groups originates from tyrosine, which is incorporated as C₆-C₂-N-unit.

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1. Mitteilung:H. Achenbach undH. Grisebach, Z. Naturforsch.20b, 137 (1965).     

Nachweis von Scilliglaucosidin in den Zwiebeln vonBowiea volubilis Harvey

Summary Hellebrigenin was converted to Scilliglaucosidin-19-ol and 3-Epi-Scilliglaucosidin-19-ol. This proves the correctness of the assumption ofStoll et al. ³ that the aldehydic group of Scilliglaucosidin is in position C-10.Comparison of a reduction product of Nabogenin, a substance isolated earlier from the bulbs ofBowiea volubilis Harvey, with Scilliglaucosidin-19-ol and 3-Epi-Scilliglaucosidin-19-ol showed its identity with the first named compound. This proves that the so called Nabogenin was a mixture consisting mainly of Scilliglaucosidin.

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8. Mitteilung über die Glykoside vonBowiea vocubilis Harvey und 162. Mitteilung über Glykoside und Aglykone.

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7. Mitt.:A. Katz, Helv. chim. Acta38, 1565 (1955).

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161. Mitt.:H. Kündig-Hegedüs undO. Schindler, Helv. chim. Acta39, 904 (1956).     

Pathogenesis of gastro-intestinal symptomatology during poisoning byAmanita phalloides

Riassunto L'iniezione di -amanitina causa nel cane una gastroenterite con vomito e diarrea. Pertanto, contrariamente a quello che si credeva, la sintomatologia gastrointestinale nell'avvelenamento umano daAmanita phalloides è con molta probabilità provocata da questa tossina.

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The authors thank Prof. Th.Wieland for the generous gift of -amanitin. This investigation was supported by a grant from the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche.     

Über die Herkunft der Isovaleriansäure im Magnamycin

Summary L-Leucine is the precursor of the isovaleric acid in magnamycin, as could be demonstrated withL-Leucine-[U-¹⁴].

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IX. Mitt. Zur Biogenese der Makrolide. VIII. Mitt.W. Hofheinz, H. Grisebach undH. Friebolin, Tetrahedron, im Druck.     

“... in Christophorum Clavium de Contactu Linearum Apologia” Considerazioni attorno alla polemica fra Peletier e Clavio circa l'angolo di contatto (1579–1589)

Summary In this work 1 focus my attention upon the question of the angle of tangency in the XVI^th Century, especially in the polemic between J. Peletier and Chr. Clavius (1579–1589). The interest in the question favored deliberation about the theory of proportions, the principle of Eudoxus-Archimedes and the set of angles of tangency (this is a non-Archimedian set); there were problems about logical proofs and geometrical proofs.

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Memoria presentata da H. Freudenthal     

Zur Pathogenese des Urämiesyndroms. Brenztraubensäure,Acetoin und 2,3-Butylenglykol in Blut von Patienten mit Nieren- und Leberkrankheiten

Summary Acetoin and 2, 3-butylene glycol in blood of renal and hepatic patients are raised, when consciousness is disturbed. There is no correlation between blood levels of acetoin and 2, 3-butylene glycol and the degree of impairment of consciousness. Simultaneous determinations of acetoin and 2, 3-butylene glycol in blood and cerebrospinal fluid show that alterations of the cerebral pyruvic acid metabolism are difficult to detect in circulating blood.

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Mit Unterstützung des «Schweizerischen Nationalfonds» und der Firma F. Hoffmann-La Roche & Co., AG, Basel.

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5. Mitteilung. — 1. Mitt.:H. Thölen, F. Bigler undH. Staub, Path. Microbiol.24, 262 (1961). — 2. Mitt.:F. Bigler, H. Thölen undH. Staub, Helv. physiol. Acta19, C11 (1961). — 3. Mitt.:H. Thölen, F. Bigler undH. Staub, Exper.17, 359 (1961). — 4. Mitt.:F. Bigler, H. Thölen undH. Staub, Schweiz. med. Wschr.91, 1259 (1961).     

Radical yields in X-irradiated aqueous solutions

Résumé La valeur deGh+Goh peut être obtenue en utilisant des solutions aqueuses de certains composés organiques contenant Cu²⁺ et/ou Fe³⁺. Les ions métalliques sont réduits par H et par les radicaux produits par l'oxydation des composés organiques par OH. A concentration convenable des réactifs, on a;G _Fe ²⁺ =G _H+G _OH.     

Antigenic similarity of humanα 1-antitrypsin to a corresponding protein in the serum of non-human primates

Zusammenfassung Mit der Methode der Präzipitationshemmung nachHerzenberg et al.⁶ wurde die Kreuzreaktion von Seren subhumaner Primaten mit einem Antiserum gegen menschliches ₁-Antitrypsin gemessen. Die Ergebnisse stimmen mit der geltenden Taxonomie gut überein. ₁-Antitrypsin hat sich während der Evolution offenbar weniger konservativ verhalten als Serumalbumin.

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Supported in part by grant No. HE-06285 from the U.S. Public Health Service.

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I wish to thank Dr.A. C. Wang for helpful discussions and Dr.H. H. Fudenberg for the use of his laboratory.     

Detection and substitution-pattern determination of guanidines

Summary The guanidine function can be detected and its substitution pattern determined taking into account the¹H-NMR signals of the N–H and N–C–H groups. Satisfactory results were obtained with mono-to penta-substituted guanidines (as picrate salts).Part XX ofStudies on Plants; preceding part,R. A. Corral, O. O. Orazi andI. A. Benages, Tetrahedron29, 205 (1973).     

Quantitative determination of amino acids in the 10−14 molar range by scanning microscope photometry

Zusammenfassung Die beschriebene Methode stellt eine Kombination der Mikrochromatographie und der Scanning-Mikroskop-Photometrie dar und ermöglicht eine quantitative Bestimmung von C¹⁴-markierten Dansyl-Aminosäuren in biologischen Material im Bereich von 10^–14 M.

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Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.

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We would like to thank Prof. Dr.K. H. Gertz and Priv.-Doz. Dr.H. Stolte for helpful discussion.     

The role of glycine in the biosynthesis of a terpene

Zusammenfassung Mit doppelt markiertem Glycin konnte gezeigt werden, dass das Kohlenstoffatom der Methylgruppe viel besser als das Kohlenstoffatom der Karboxylgruppe in die Isoprengruppe des Ophiobolins B ausCochiobolus miyabeanus eingebaut wird. Die Radioaktivität wird in Ophiobolin B eingebaut, wenn die folgenden Verbindungen verwendet werden: [3-¹⁴C]-Serin, [¹⁴C-Methyl]-Sarcosin, [¹⁴C-Methyl]-Methionin, und [¹⁴C] Formate.

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a)Studies on Biosynthesis. Part V. for Part IV, seeM. Anchel, A. K. Bose, K. S. Khanchandani andP. T. Funke, Phytochem.9, 2135 (1970). b) Presented in part at the 3rd Natural Products Symposium, University of West Indies, Jamaica, January 1970.

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The support of this research by Stevens Institute of Technology is gratefully acknowledged. We wish to thank Dr.J. H. Davis and Prof.L. Z. Pollara for their interest and encouragement and Drs.H. Levy, P. T. Funke, M. S. Manhas, P. K. Bhattacharyya andM. Anchel for valuable discussions and help with some of the experiments. We are particularly thankful to Dr.L. Canonica for providing us with cultures ofCochiobolus miyabeanus that made our work on ophiobolin B possible.     

RNA synthesis in α-amanitin-poisoned rats: Prevention of recovery by inhibition of protein synthesis

Summary The treatment with cycloheximide of rats previously poisoned with -amanitin hinders the recovery of RNA synthesis observed in the liver of rats treated with -amanitin alone. The recovery of RNA synthesis can be ascribed to the capability of poisoned rats to synthesize new RNA-polymerase II.Acknowledgments: We thank ProfessorT. Wieland for the generous gift of -amanitin. This work was supported by grants from C.N.R., Rome, and by Pallotti's legacy for Cancer Research.     

The growth of cell membranes during synchronized cell division ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae

Riassunto Cellule diSaccharomyces cerevisiae venivano coltivate in brodo centenentel-Leucina-³H o³²PO ₄ ^– raccolte in fase log e quindi coltivate in modo sincrono in nuovo terreno privo di radioisotopi. Le cellule e le gemme venivano separate per centrifugazione su gradiente di saccarosio, quindi si isolavano le membrane. La radioattività specifica nelle membrane purificate risultava circa il 50% di quella presente inizialmente nelle cellule usate per la coltura sincronizzata.     

Glucodigifucosid,Neo-Glucodigifucosid und Digitoxigenin-allomethylosid aus den Blättern vonDigitalis lanata Ehrh

Summary The primary glycosides, glucodigifucoside and neo-glucodigifucoside, were isolated from the extract ofDigitalis lanata leaves. They are isomeric glucosides of digiproside and differ in the position of attachment of thed-glucose residue. Digitoxigenin-allomethylosid was isolated from the leaves after enzymatic decomposition.

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23. Mitteilung über Herzglykoside; unter der ausgezeichneten experimentellen Mitarbeit vonH. Gerlach.