LDPCA在分布式视频编码码率控制中的应用

系统的阐述了低密度奇偶校验累积码（Low-Density Parity—Check Accumulate Codes，LDPCA）在分布式视频编码（Distributed Video Coding，DVC）码率控制中的应用。通过分析DVC中的重要环节：码率控制，在对几种变速率码对比的基础上重点讨论了LDPCA的原理及设计方案，并对其性能进行了仿真。仿真结果表明，采用中等码长的不规则LDPCA码表现出接近Slepian—Wolf理想界限的优异性能。     

一种基于SPIHT编码过程的图像选择加密算法

在深入研究多级树集合分裂编码（SPIHT）的基础上提出了一种安全高效的图像加密算法。首先，重点分析了SPIHT的码流结构以及各部分数据对解码的影响，确定了重要数据并对其进行加密。其次，改变加密层数K控制加密强度，从而进一步提高了加密效率。最后，在对LIS扫描过程中引入了混乱机制，降低了码流相关性，使得算法更加安全。实验表明：该算法安全性高，加密速度快，仅需加密原图数据量的2．3％左右便可以达到很好的加密效果，满足格式兼容性要求并且能够适应网络实时传输。     

基于棋盘分割插值的多描述视频编码

为了提高恶劣信道上视频传输的鲁棒性, 提出了一种基于棋盘式分割插值的多描述视频编码算法, 即将输入图像按照棋盘模式分割并插值形成两路相同分辨率的近似图像, 并对这两路近似图像进行独立的运动预测、补偿和编码. 使用这种编码算法, 接收端可以在同时收到两路描述时得到相当好的重建图像质量, 而在由于误码或丢包等使其中一路描述丢失或受损时也能得到可以接受的重建图像质量. 此外, 编解码器之间的不匹配可以通过对两路描述之间差信号的部分编码得以有效的控制. 在双向通信应用中编码器还可以根据反馈信息来主动跟踪解码器的状态从而消除误差积累. 由于充分利用了分块DCT编码所固有的块间相关性, 该算法与同类算法相比具有更好的冗余率失真性能. 模拟实验表明, 该算法在保持较高压缩效率的前提下, 具有很好的鲁棒性, 在高误码信道上相对于传统的单描述视频编码可以得到更为稳定的重建图像质量, 并且编解码器之间的不匹配和误差积累都得到了有效的控制.     

嗅觉神经系统脉冲编码的机理研究

提出了衡量神经信息编码的四个主要关键问题，其中不稳定的神经系统如何能得出确定的信息处理结果，这是一个看来十分矛盾的问题，要解决这一问题，必须有一个观念上的改变．提出了序空间的概念，以嗅觉系统为例初步解释了四个关键问题，也初步解释了嗅觉系统信号过程．     

光孤子通信系统中编码孤子脉冲序列的演化问题

在数值模拟的基础上引入孤子相互作用传递速度，码元关联长度等概念，将一般编码孤子序列的演化问题归结为无定向圆环上有限个不等价码字的演化问题，从而给出了系统研究一般编码孤子序列演化特性的线索，通过分析无定向圆环上（ｐ，ｑ，ｒ）型码的演化规律，显示出以光孤子－呼吸子序列作为光纤通信信号序列的可能性，提出了光孤子－呼吸子通信系统的设想。     

抗窃听的安全网络编码

文中构造信息论意义下的安全网络编码以抗窃听攻击.基于广义攻击模型和all-or-nothing变换,构造广义组合网络上的安全网络编码,其安全性由网络容量和窃听集的最小割共同决定.进而,此结论被推广到任意单信源有向无圈网络.与已有结论相比,这种安全网络编码无额外加密开销,也无传输容量损失.     

基于网络编码的匿名通信模型

网络编码技术的提出彻底改变传统网络的传输方式,本文基于信息分割理论和网络编码技术提出一种新型的匿名通信模型(anonymous communication model based on network coding,ACM-NC),信息分割技术将匿名通信消息分割后经不同的匿名链路进行编码传输;转发网络节点的编码传输机制在提高系统匿名性、安全性和保密性的同时增强了抗合谋攻击的能力.理论分析及仿真结果表明,ACM-NC具有较强的匿名性、安全性、保密性和抗合谋攻击的能力,并且ACM-NC中仅有信宿节点才能通过解码编码消息恢复信源节点的原始匿名通信消息.     

多天线放大转发中继系统基于MMSE的重传预编码设计

针对多天线放大转发中继系统,本文提出了一种基于MMSE的新的重传预编码方案,把重传预编码设计问题分解成两个子问题:离散的信道配对和连续的联合源、中继功率分配问题.最优的信道配对需要遍历所有信道配对方式,对于每一种配对方式,联合源、中继功率分配问题是一个多参数非凸的优化问题,本文提出了一种获得该问题最优解的算法和一种次优迭代功率分配算法,此种通过遍历信道配对获得最优重传预编码的方案计算复杂度较高.本文证明了在一跳信道信噪比趋于无穷时,最优的信道配对是使之前的子信道增益和当前另一跳信道奇异值大小排列顺序相反,进而提出了一种简化的信道配对方法.仿真结果表明,简化的信道配对和迭代功率分配算法性能均接近最优.本文所提出的重传预编码与已有的预编码相比,能获得明显性能提升.     

一种改进的基于LI—MOON编码的XML索引研究

本文提出了一种改进的基于LI-MOON编码的XML索引（N-B＋tree），它大大减少索引文档的大小，因而能有效提高查询速度，最后对这种索引进行了仿真实验。     

高功率激光系统光束传输的基本算法和程序编码

研究了高功率激光系统光束传输的基本算法并编制了相应的程序编码。结果表明，光束传输过程中形成的衍射调制环数与系统中空间滤波器小孔光阑的大小（以衍射极限倍数度量）以及传输系统的Ｆｒｅｓｎｅｌ数的综合影响有关；对于包含多级空间滤波器和自由空间的复杂光学系统，可以采用算子互换性将复杂系统等效为适当选取参数的单元元件进行计算和设计。     

Visualizing odor representation in the brain: a review of imaging techniques for the mapping of sensory activity in the olfactory glomeruli

The brain transforms clues from the external world, the sensory stimuli, into activities in neuroglial networks. These circuits are activated in specialized sensory cortices where specific functional modules are responsible for the spatiotemporal coding of the stimulus. A major challenge in the neuroscience field has been to image the spatial distribution and follow the temporal dynamics of the activation of such large populations in vivo. Functional imaging techniques developed in the last 30 years have enabled researchers to solve this critical issue, and are reviewed here. These techniques utilize sources of contrast of radioisotopic, magnetic and optical origins and exploit two major families of signals to image sensory activity: the first class uses sources linked to cellular energy metabolism and hemodynamics, while the second involves exogenous indicators of neuronal activity. The whole panel of imaging techniques has fostered the functional exploration of the olfactory bulb which is one of the most studied sensory structures. We summarize the major results obtained using these techniques that describe the spatial and temporal activity patterns in the olfactory glomeruli, the first relay of olfactory information processing in the main olfactory bulb. We conclude this review by describing promising technical developments in optical imaging and future directions in the study of olfactory spatiotemporal coding.     

多电平变换器拓扑结构与控制方法研究

由于多电平变换器的强大优势，其在高压大功率场合的应用研究已经成为热点。首先介绍了多电平变换器三类基本拓扑结构，分析和比较了各种拓扑结构的优缺点，同时介绍了在原有的拓扑上又派生出一系列改进拓扑。其次详尽地介绍了目前多电平变换器中的各种控制策略，通过分析和比较得出各种控制方法的特点。最后预测了多电平变换技术的发展前景。     

一种基于边缘检测的小波包非对称分解在图像编码中的应用

图像的像素点的值分布并不是均匀的，而是集中地分布在一些区间之内。小波包分解是将频带等分为2j个新的子带，但很多子带里只有少数无用的孤立点；而在像素点集中的子带里，如果要进行更细的分解，将使子带数量呈指数级数增长。本文提出一种方法先对图像进行边缘检测，得到边缘与非边缘部分。对于像素点集中的几个部分，再分别对这几个部分定义不同的细度并采用小波包非对称分解再进行进一步细分，对于少数无关紧要的孤立点则舍弃。这样既保持了图像的有效信息，又能极大地减小图像编码的冗余度。     

h=1／M的M—CPFSK信号定时-频偏联合估计算法

提出了一种针对突发模式的h=1／M的M—CPFSK信号定时一频偏联合估计算法：在每个数据包前嵌入一段特定的训练序列，接收端将信号做K级差分，计算每级差分信号自相关的，次方，再进行离散傅里叶变换DFT提取定时和载波频偏信息。适用于h=1／M的全响应或部分响应、矩形或升余弦滤波器M—CPFSK信号。Matlab仿真结果表明，在加性白高斯噪声信道以及Ray—lei出平坦衰落信道上，该算法能快速准确的估计定时和载波频率偏差：     

The maximum and minimum of primary forecasts

The purpose of this paper is to suggest that the maximum (or minimum) of a number of primary forecasts may make a valuable addition to the forecasting accuracy of a combination of forecasts. Such forecasts are readily computable. Theoretical results are presented for two unbiased forecasts with correlated normally distributed errors, showing that the maximum (minimum) of two forecasts can have a smaller error variance than either of the primary forecasts and the forecast error can have low correlation with the primary errors. Empirical results are obtained for two different sets of forecasts available in the literature, and it is observed that a combination forecast including the maximum and/or minimum has attractive forecasting properties.     

Odor maps in the brain: Spatial aspects of odor representation in sensory surface and olfactory bulb

The olfactory sense detects and distinguishes a multitude of different odors. Recent progress in molecular as well as physiological approaches has elucidated basic principles of neuronal encoding of odorants, common to insects and vertebrates. The construction of neuronal representations for odors begins with the task of mapping the multidimensional odor space onto the two-dimensional sensory surface, and subsequently onto the olfactory bulb or antennal lobe. A distributed expression of odorant receptors, albeit restricted to subregions of the sensory surface (large, intermediate or small for zebrafish, mouse or drosophila, respectively), ensures a robust representation, insensitive to mechanical insult. Olfactory receptor neurons expressing the same odorant receptors converge to form a receptotopic map in the olfactory bulb or antennal lobe. The emerging coding principle is a chemotopic representation of odorants at the first brain level, realized either as combinatorial or as monospecific representation, depending on the odorant.     

Endogenous retroviruses

Up to 10% of the mouse genome is comprised of endogenous retrovirus (ERV) sequences, and most represent the remains of ancient germ line infections. Our knowledge of the three distinct classes of ERVs is inversely correlated with their copy number, and their characterization has benefited from the availability of divergent wild mouse species and subspecies, and from ongoing analysis of the Mus genome sequence. In contrast to human ERVs, which are nearly all extinct, active mouse ERVs can still be found in all three ERV classes. The distribution and diversity of ERVs has been shaped by host-virus interactions over the course of evolution, but ERVs have also been pivotal in shaping the mouse genome by altering host genes through insertional mutagenesis, by adding novel regulatory and coding sequences, and by their co-option by host cells as retroviral resistance genes. We review mechanisms by which an adaptive coexistence has evolved. (Part of a Multiauthor Review)     

Banach空间中时变广义分布参数系统的可解性

广义分布参数系统是比分布参数系统更常见的一类系统，二者有着本质的区别，如广义分布参数系统受到干扰时会引起脉冲行为等．广义分布参数系统的可解性问题是广义分布参数系统研究的重要问题之一．本文主要研究Banach空间中时变广义分布参数系统的可解性问题．首先，讨论Banach空间中由有界线性算子所引导的广义发展算子及其性质，定义了广义发展算子的生成元．证明了广义发展算子的存在性；然后，应用广义发展算子研究时变广义分布参数系统的可解性问题，证明了强解的存在性和唯一性，并应用广义发展算子给出了时变广义分布参数系统强解的构造性表达式．所得结果对于研究时变广义分布参数系统的稳定性问题、能控性问题及最优控制问题等都有重要的理论及应用价值．     

The NOX toolbox: validating the role of NADPH oxidases in physiology and disease

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are cellular signals but also disease triggers; their relative excess (oxidative stress) or shortage (reductive stress) compared to reducing equivalents are potentially deleterious. This may explain why antioxidants fail to combat diseases that correlate with oxidative stress. Instead, targeting of disease-relevant enzymatic ROS sources that leaves physiological ROS signaling unaffected may be more beneficial. NADPH oxidases are the only known enzyme family with the sole function to produce ROS. Of the catalytic NADPH oxidase subunits (NOX), NOX4 is the most widely distributed isoform. We provide here a critical review of the currently available experimental tools to assess the role of NOX and especially NOX4, i.e. knock-out mice, siRNAs, antibodies, and pharmacological inhibitors. We then focus on the characterization of the small molecule NADPH oxidase inhibitor, VAS2870, in vitro and in vivo, its specificity, selectivity, and possible mechanism of action. Finally, we discuss the validation of NOX4 as a potential therapeutic target for indications including stroke, heart failure, and fibrosis.