含亲水羟基丙烯酸酯单体的乳液聚合动力学

研究了反应温度、乳化剂用量、引发剂用量和羟基单体用量对含亲水羟基丙烯酸酯单体乳液聚合动力学的影响.结果表明:反应温度和引发剂用量对含有亲水单体的丙烯酸酯乳液聚合影响较大,较理想的反应温度在75℃以上,聚合反应的表观活化能为62.3 kJ/mol;乳化剂或引发剂用量增加,乳液聚合速率加快,单体转化率提高,聚合速率Rp对乳化剂浓度[S]的关系为Rp∝0.436[S],对引发剂浓度[I]的关系为Rp∝1.57[I];含有亲水单体时,乳液聚合有一定的引发诱导期,其用量对初期单体转化率影响不大,而最终转化率随用量的增加而提高,聚合速率与亲水单体浓度[OH]的关系为Rp∝-0.13[OH].     

苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯醛三元无皂乳液共聚合动力学研究

以苯乙烯 (St)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (MMA)为主单体 ,丙烯醛 (AL)为功能单体进行了无皂乳液批量共聚合 .考察了功能单体浓度、引发剂过硫酸铵ATP浓度及聚合温度对其动力学行为的影响 ,用Gamma积分函数拟合了转化率 -时间关系曲线 ,获得了聚合过程的重要特征参数如 :平均成核速率 (Nv) ,聚合最大速率(Mv)和平稳期平均聚合速率 (Av)及成核结束和聚合进入完成期对应的转化率 .同时对聚合速率与以上各聚合参数的关系数据进行了非线性拟合 ,得到了聚合速率与以上各单个聚合参数的关系式及综合关系式 .结果表明 :聚合速率随功能单体浓度、ATP浓度及聚合温度增大而增大 ,但增大幅度逐渐减小 ;聚合过程中ATP起决定作用 .     

无皂乳液制备PMMA动力学及其模型

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）为单体、过硫酸钾（KPS）为引发荆进行无皂乳液聚合反应，考察了单体MMA浓度、引发剂KPS用量及聚合温度对其动力学行为的影响。建立了转化率一时间关系曲线的模型函数——Gamma积分函数，用它拟合了转化率一时间关系曲线，获得了聚合过程的重要特征参数，如平均成核速率，聚合最大速率和平稳期平均聚合速率及成核结束和聚合进入完成期对应的转化率。同时对聚合速率与以上各聚合参数的关系数据进行了非线性拟合，得到了它们之间的关系式。拟合相关系数非常接近于1，平均拟合误差很小，成核结束时转化率在15％以内，聚合速率随以上参数增大而增大，反应温度在聚合过程中起决定作用。     

4,4′-偶氮二[4-氰基戊酰（对-二甲基氨基）苯胺]引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合及其动力学研究

以4,4′-偶氮二[4-氰基戊酰(对-二甲基氨基)苯胺](ACPDA)为引发剂,在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中研究了甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的聚合行为.考察了聚合反应温度、单体浓度和引发剂浓度对聚合物分子量和聚合反应速率的影响,测定了反应级数和聚合反应的活化能.实验结果表明:聚合反应速率随单体浓度、ACPDA浓度的增加和反应温度的升高而加快;聚合物分子量随单体浓度的增大而增大,随ACPDA浓度的增大和反应温度的升高而降低.ACPDA引发MMA的聚合速率方程为Rp=K[St]1.04[ACPDA]0.56,聚合反应的表观活化能Ea=86.00kJ/mol.     

4,4''''-偶氮二[4-氰基戊酰(对-二甲基氨基)苯胺]引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合及其动力学研究

以4,4'-偶氮二[4-氰基戊酰(对-二甲基氨基)苯胺](ACPDA)为引发剂,在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中研究了甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的聚合行为.考察了聚合反应温度、单体浓度和引发剂浓度对聚合物分子量和聚合反应速率的影响,测定了反应级数和聚合反应的活化能.实验结果表明聚合反应速率随单体浓度、ACPDA浓度的增加和反应温度的升高而加快;聚合物分子量随单体浓度的增大而增大,随ACPDA浓度的增大和反应温度的升高而降低.ACPDA引发MMA的聚合速率方程为Rp=K[St]1.04[ACPDA]0.56,聚合反应的表观活化能Ea=86.00kJ/mol.     

含氢聚硅氧烷/丙烯酸丁酯复合乳液的研究——影响乳液流变性及反应速率的因素

详细讨论了在一次加料法制备含氢聚硅氧烷（PHMS）／丙烯酸丁酯（BA）复合乳液中,单体、乳化剂、引发剂及反应温度对聚合反应速率、转化率和乳液流变性能的影响．结果表明：PHMS／BA复合乳液的表观活化能和聚合速率方程分别为：Ea＝132．77KJ／mol,（I为引发剂,E为乳化剂）该乳液呈假塑性流体特征,随PHMS、功能单体N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺（NMA）用量增加,乳液粘度增加;乳化剂用量增加,反应温度升高,粘度降低．选择适当的原料配比和反应条件,可在较高的反应速率下,制得转化率高、性能稳定PHMS／BA复合乳液．     

乙烯基单体乳液接枝改性氯丁胶乳的制备及其机理

采用乳液聚合法,使用氧化还原引发剂,将乙烯基单体(甲基丙烯酸甲酯和苯乙烯,即MMA和St)接枝到氯丁胶乳上,研究了乳化体系、引发体系、单体/聚合物质量比及单体组成、反应温度对单体转化率、接枝效率等的影响,并进一步分析了乳液接枝机理.结果表明,MMA和St接枝改性氯丁胶乳的最佳工艺条件为:聚合温度50℃,反应时间5.5h,引发剂叔丁基过氧化氢-四乙烯五胺占氯丁胶乳干重的0.5%,单体/聚合物质量比为3:5,MMA与St质量比为3:2,单体以滴加方式加入,乳化剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠用量占单体总重1.5%.在此条件下,单体转化率可达99.6%,接枝效率为54.9%.红外光谱和凝胶含量分析证明MMA和St接枝到氯丁胶乳主链上.该条件下合成的接枝共聚物乳液配制成的胶粘剂对PVC人造革、SBS橡胶、海绵等具有良好的粘接性能.接枝反应活性点在氯丁胶乳胶粒的表面,接枝过程是一个表面控制过程.     

AC/MMA接枝改性天然胶乳的研究

首次采用丙烯基氯 (AC)和甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (MMA)接枝改性天然胶乳 ,研究了引发体系、反应温度、反应时间、MMA/AC配比、引发剂用量、胶乳浓度等对接枝聚合反应中单体转化率和接枝率的影响 .结果表明 :单用AC接枝聚合反应的单体转化率较低 ,AC/MMA并用可大幅度提高单体转化率 ,MMA/AC配比中随MMA用量增加 ,单体转化率和接枝率明显升高 ;CHP/TEP引发聚合反应的单体转化率和接枝率高于KPS/TEP ,KPS/FES ,KPS/SHS的 ;红外光谱证实了天然胶乳接枝聚合物的生成 .     

淀粉接枝丙烯酸/醋酸乙烯酯环保固沙剂的合成及固沙应用

利用溶液聚合法制备了水溶性淀粉接枝丙烯酸（AA）/醋酸乙烯酯（VAc）固沙剂乳液，考察了单体质量比、AA中和度、引发剂用量、聚合温度对乳液性能的影响，采用FT-IR、TG对乳液进行了表征，并初步研究了固沙剂的表面固化效果、抗压强度等固沙性能。结果表明单体质量比(m_AA∶m_VAc)为2∶1、AA中和度为25%、引发剂质量为单体质量的0.8%、聚合温度为80℃时，固沙剂乳液外观、黏度及放置稳定性等均较优；固沙剂在200℃下热稳定性良好，固化作用及抗压强度能够满足实际固沙应用中的要求。     

微米级单分散苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸共聚物微球的制备

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为分散稳定剂、偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂、醇或醇/水混合物为分散介质，用分散共聚合方法制备了微米级苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸共聚物微球。研究了功能单体用量、介质的溶解度参数、分散剂用量及温度对共聚反应速率、转化率、共聚物微球的粒径和粒径分布的影响。结果表明，功能单体用量增加，聚合速率变慢，粒径增大；介质的溶解度参数增大，聚合速率增大，转化率提高，粒径减小；分散剂用量增大，聚合速率及转化率的变化不大，粒径减小；反应温度升高，聚合速率和转化率提高，粒径增大，粒径分布变宽。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.