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1.
含磷环氧树脂的合成及阻燃研究   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
采用阻燃剂9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)与双酚A型环氧化物(E-51)反应,合成了含磷反应型阻燃环氧化物(E-P),在间苯二胺固化剂作用下,利用E-P制备了含磷反应型阻燃环氧树脂(EP-P). 采用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和热失重分析(TGA)分别对E-P的结构及EP-P的热分解行为进行了表征;通过浸水实验,采用极限氧指数(LOI)和UL-94垂直燃烧等方法对比研究了EP-P与添加聚磷酸铵(APP 422)的添加型阻燃环氧树脂EP-AP的阻燃剂抗迁出性. 结果表明,含磷反应型阻燃环氧树脂EP-P比添加型阻燃环氧树脂EP-AP的阻燃效率高、阻燃耐久性更强.  相似文献   

2.
以含磷单体、三聚氰胺、苯酚和甲醛为原料,合成了一种含磷含氮酚醛树脂(NP-PF).将NP-PF与F51环氧树脂复配并固化,并对其固化特征进行了研究,同时考察了固化物的耐热性能和阻燃性能.研究结果表明:高含量的NP-PF能够提高NP-PF/F51体系的固化速率;NP-PF/F51固化物具有良好的耐热性能;在NP-PF/F51固化体系中加入少量Al(OH)_3,能够达到UL94V-0级阻燃的效果.  相似文献   

3.
基于2-甲基-2,5-二氧-1,2-氧磷杂环戊烷(OP)的环状酸酐结构和可以通过水解或醇解开环的特点,对OP/对苯二酚/环氧树脂预聚体的反应可行性、固化过程以及阻燃性能进行了研究;成功制备了含磷环氧树脂,固化12 h后的环氧树脂具有良好的阻燃性能,极限氧指数(LOI,%)为25.7%,垂直燃烧测试达到UL-94 V-0级别。  相似文献   

4.
乙烯基酯树脂(VER)因其具有良好耐腐蚀性能和优异的物理性能被广泛应用于诸多领域,然而由于VER极易燃,限制了其使用范围.为了提高VER的阻燃性,本文将聚磷酸铵(APP)作为阻燃剂引入VER中,制备得到阻燃乙烯基酯树脂固化物;采用热重分析仪(TGA)表征了VER的热稳定性;扫描电子显微镜(SEM、SEM-EDX)研究了VER燃烧后残炭的微观形貌,表面元素组成及分布;利用极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧测试(UL-94)、锥形量热(CCT)对其阻燃性能进行测试;采用热重红外光谱联用仪(TG-FTIR)等手段分析APP在VER中的阻燃机理.研究结果表明,当APP的引入量为30 wt%时,乙烯基酯树脂的极限氧指数达到30.3%,通过UL-94 V-0级别. APP在凝聚相和气相中共同发挥阻燃作用.  相似文献   

5.
本文报道了增韧阻燃剂HB—1的合成。并用扫描电镜、热分析、氧指数和机械性能测定等方法研究了HB—1对酸酐固化的环氧树脂性能的影响。实验表明,HB—1与环氧树脂的混容性好,具有良好的增韧作用和阻燃效果,并对树脂的耐热性影响较小。  相似文献   

6.
含马来酰亚胺酚醛树脂在环氧改性中的应用   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
以N-(4-羟基苯基)马来酰亚胺为改性剂,合成了一系列不同马来酰亚胺含量的酚醛树脂(PMF),并以此作为一种新型的环氧固化剂对环氧树脂的热性能和阻燃性能进行改性研究.固化物的热性能研究发现由于马来酰亚胺结构的引入,固化物的初始热分解温度(380℃)和残炭率(700℃,48.6%)都有较大的提高.固化物的阻燃性能测试表明HPM的引入可有效地提高环氧固化物的阻燃性能.  相似文献   

7.
为了改性环氧树脂阻燃性能,通过取代反应和缩合反应制备一种新型含磷/氮二元杂化物—磷酸4-(1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)-苯基酯二苯酯(PBIm),并作为有机官能团与乙酸铜-水合物反应合成含磷苯并咪唑基铜配合物阻燃剂PBIm-Cu,将其添加到环氧树脂(EP)中,制备阻燃环氧树脂复合材料(PBIm-Cu/EP).通过红外光谱、X-射线光电子能谱、核磁氢谱和核磁磷谱对阻燃剂PBIm和PBIm-Cu进行结构表征.采用热重分析仪(TGA)、极限氧指数测定仪(LOI)和锥形量热仪(CCA)测试复合材料的热稳定性和阻燃性能.PBIm-Cu质量分数为7%的PBIm-Cu/EP体系在垂直燃烧测试中通过了 V-1级,LOI增加到31.6%,并且,峰值放热速率(PHRR)、总热释放量(THR)和总排烟量(TSP)较纯EP分别降低64%,41%和43%,残重率达到了26.7%.SEM 结果显示:PBIm-Cu/EP材料燃烧后碳层表面光滑连续且致密.  相似文献   

8.
以三氯氧磷、新戊二醇、4,4'-对二氨基二苯醚等为原料合成了未见文献报道的二新戊二醇对二氨基二苯醚双膦酸酯类化合物a~e,并通过元素分析、IR、1H NMR和MS验证了其结构.热重(TG)和差热(DSC)分析表明其与高分子材料具有较好的阻燃配伍性.将目标化合物应用于环氧树脂(E-44)和醇酸清漆中进行阻燃测试,结果表明化合物具有较好的阻燃性能.  相似文献   

9.
通过两步法将含磷基团的9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)和含硅基团的硅烷偶联剂引入氧化石墨烯(GO)中,制备了磷硅协同改性的氧化石墨烯(KDGO),通过傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱、能谱散射谱(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)和原子力显微镜(AFM)分析对其进行表征,并将其添加到环氧树脂(EP)中进行阻燃改性,制备EP基复合材料KDGO/EP.采用热重分析(TGA)、动态热机械分析(DMA)、极限氧指数(LOI)和垂直燃烧测试复合材料的热稳定性、动态热机械性能和阻燃性能.TGA结果表明,质量分数为1%的KDGO能够保持复合材料的热稳定性,同时提高残炭率,与纯EP固化物相比,残炭率提高了10个百分点,解决了目前市场上含DOPO阻燃剂引起固化材料热稳定性下降的问题.DMA数据显示,KDGO中的环氧基能够参与EP的交联固化,使复合材料的动态热机械性能提高,有效改善了由DOPO引起的动态热机械性能下降的问题.LOI和垂直燃烧测试表明磷硅阻燃元素的协同作用有助于提高复合材料的阻燃性能,使LOI值提高到27.1%,燃烧过程无滴落现象,达到了塑料阻燃等级V-0级.  相似文献   

10.
合成一种含P、Si协同阻燃的新型嵌段共聚物,将合成的阻燃嵌段共聚物分散于双酚A型环氧树脂E51中,以4,4′-二氨基二苯甲烷(DDM)为固化剂,制备了一系列不同P、Si含量的阻燃环氧树脂.采用扫描电镜(SEM)对改性环氧树脂断面进行观察,通过动态力学热分析(DMTA)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、热失重分析(TGA)及氧指数(LOI)对改性环氧树脂进行性能测试.结果表明:合成的含P、Si新型嵌段共聚物在环氧树脂中能够自组装形成以多面体齐聚半硅氧烷(POSS)链段为核、含磷嵌段为壳的纳米核壳结构,阻燃元素P、Si以"捆绑式"均匀分散在环氧基体中,达到低P、Si含量下优良的协同阻燃效果.此外,添加阻燃嵌段共聚物还能够有效提高环氧树脂热稳定性.  相似文献   

11.
Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.  相似文献   

12.
何延凌 《科技信息》2008,(4):258-258
Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women's language from these perspectives: pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women's language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What's more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.  相似文献   

13.
There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.  相似文献   

14.
王慧 《科技信息》2008,(10):240-240
Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte's only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.  相似文献   

15.
The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.  相似文献   

16.
The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3~4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰~ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰~ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084~0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078~0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.  相似文献   

17.
In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.  相似文献   

18.
理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。  相似文献   

19.
As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.  相似文献   

20.
The non-orthogonal localized molecular orbital(NOLMO)is the most localized representation of electronic degrees of freedom.As such,NOLMOs are thus potentially the most efficient for linear scaling calculations of electronic structures for large systems.However,direct ab initio calculations with NOLMO have not been fully implemented and widely used,partly because of the slow convergence issue in the optimization of NOLMO.We devel-  相似文献   

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