碳酸盐岩储层中非渗透性隔层的识别及分类评价

在碳酸盐岩储层中同样发育着非渗透性隔层 ,它们主要由泥质含量较高的致密层和构造裂缝不发育的纯岩性致密层组成 ,可以从岩性特征、电性特征和构造裂缝发育特征等方面进行识别与划分。任丘雾迷山组中的非渗透性隔层以泥质致密层为主 ,纯岩性致密层相对较少 ,且分布很不稳定 ,采用综合评价方法可将其分成四类。其中 ,第一类非渗透性隔层对油藏中油水分布规律起着最重要的控制作用     

裂缝性致密砂岩气藏剩余气分布预测及开发优化建议： 以川西坳陷新场地区须家河组二段为例

裂缝性致密砂岩气藏具有储层基质致密低渗、裂缝非均质发育、气水界面不统一等特点，导致天然气资源动用程度低，气井产能差异大，开发形势整体不乐观。为明确气藏的剩余气分布规律及动用对策，本文以新场地区须家河组二段气藏为例，根据产能主控因素分析，形成了一套适用于裂缝性致密砂岩气藏的数值模拟技术流程，定量表征了剩余气分布特征，提出了开发优化建议。结果表明：综合考虑构造裂缝和基质砂体岩性对产能的控制作用，对动态模型采用“分井区、分砂组、分介质、分岩性”的方式精细划分流动单元，保证了数值模拟的高效和精度。剩余气分布整体在构造起伏约束下，受基质岩性、断裂裂缝和井控程度影响。建议布井潜力区应具备构造高部位、基质砂体连续、断裂裂缝发育、剩余气富集等条件，进一步根据井间干扰程度和地层能量利用率优化布井位置。     

沾化凹陷泥质岩储层中裂缝类型及其成因研究

对沾化凹陷沙三段泥质岩储层发育段及其围岩的岩石组分、结构、构造特征进行了研究,系统地描述了泥质岩储层的裂缝产状及其分布。研究结果表明,沾化凹陷泥质岩储集层为裂缝型储集层,它具有严重的非均质性,按其成因差异,泥质岩裂缝可进一步细分为构造缝、成岩缝、成烃缝3大类6小类。其中构造缝和成烃缝是泥质岩储集层的主要储油空间和渗流通道,断层消失端、断层交汇区以及断层外凸区是泥质岩储层的发育区。泥质岩储集层形成于呈拉伸状态的深湖半深湖相纹层状泥灰岩之中。较高的有机碳含量、适中的混层比和埋藏深度以及优越的地层组合是泥质岩裂缝形成和发育的内因,特定的构造环境是诱发泥质岩产生裂缝的重要外部因素。     

沾化凹陷泥质岩储层中裂缝类型及其成因研究

对沾化凹陷沙三段泥质岩储层发育段及其围岩的岩石组分、结构、构造特征进行了研究,系统地描述了泥质岩储层的裂缝产状及其分布。研究结果表明,沾化凹陷泥质岩储集层为裂缝型储集层,它具有严重的非均质性,按其成因差异,泥质岩裂缝可进一步细分为构造缝、成岩缝、成烃缝3大类6小类。其中构造缝和成烃缝是泥质岩储集层的主要储油空间和渗流通道,断层消失端、断层交汇区以及断层外凸区是泥质岩储层的发育区。泥质岩储集层形成于呈拉伸状态的深湖一半深湖相纹层状泥灰岩之中。较高的有机碳含量、适中的混层比和埋藏深度以及优越的地层组合是泥质岩裂缝形成和发育的内因,特定的构造环境是诱发泥质岩产生裂缝的重要外部因素。     

大民屯凹陷沈257块潜山储层特征及测井评价

在对潜山地层准确对比的基础上,对潜山储层地质特征进行分析研究,并研究了常规测井方法在碳酸盐岩、石英岩储层识别以及评价潜山储层中的应用。沈257块潜山岩性有白云岩、石英岩及泥质岩三大类,白云岩为主要储层发育岩性,储集空间以构造裂缝和溶蚀孔洞为主,储层发育程度受岩性及地应力等多种因素控制。常规测井在潜山岩性识别及储层划分中具有较高的符合率。     

一种定量研究薄泥质夹层分布特征的方法

储层的非均质性严重影响着油田开发效果,储层平面展布特征、纵横向的连续性、储集物性的平面变化规律和层间物性的差异程度等都是描述储层非均质特征的重要内容.本文研究了枣南油田孔一段储层内部连续或不连续分布的非渗透性泥质夹层的特征及其分布规律,论述了各沉积微相区的非渗透性泥质夹层的分布特征,并定量地评价了储层的非均质性,同时用非渗透性泥质夹层分布频率和非渗透性泥质夹层分布密度这两个定量指标来预测了非渗透性泥质夹层分布的平面变化规律,为储层地质模型的建立及合理评价储层提供了依据.     

伊通盆地莫里青油田双二段隔夹层研究

隔夹层作为在渗透层内或层间分布的一种相对非渗透性岩层,对流体的垂向渗流和水平渗流具有重要影响。伊通盆地莫里青油田双二段储层内油水分布较为复杂,油水同层现象普遍,为探索隔夹层对该地区储层内油水分布的影响,对工区内约200口井的地质、测井等资料进行处理;详细研究了分布于研究区的隔夹层。首先通过岩心观察和测井曲线特征的分析,明确该区主要岩性为砂砾岩;并说明了研究区的隔夹层类型和成因,将其划分为泥质隔夹层、灰质隔夹层和物性隔夹层三类。然后对隔夹层的平面和剖面进行分析研究,分别描述了隔层和夹层的分布特点;并且详细的解释了该区域隔夹层的剖面特征,认为该油藏隔层平面分布趋势与物源方向基本一致,隔层分布稳定,夹层比较发育但连续性较差。通过分析认识储层隔夹层特征,对该油田采收率的提高及中后期的剩余油分布研究具有重要的指导意义。     

沉积方式与碎屑岩储层的层内非均质性

砂体的韵律性和砂岩储层层内不连续薄隔层的存在导致砂岩储层层内渗透率差异，从而影响其层内非均质性。本文对八类沉积方式形成的砂体的内部韵律性及泥质薄夹层分布特征进行讨论，建立各类砂体沉积模式与碎屑岩储层层的非均质性的联系。     

沾化凹陷罗家地区沙四段顶部至沙三段泥质岩裂缝特征及其影响因素

利用岩心观察、岩石薄片鉴定和扫描电镜分析等技术手段,结合岩相古地理分析和古构造应力场模拟试验成果,对沾化凹陷罗家地区泥质岩裂缝的类型、特征、受控因素以及对油气储集的有效性进行了研究。结果表明,以张裂缝为主的顺层缝的长度、密度和开度大于切层缝,且为烃类的主要储集空间;包括张裂缝和剪裂缝在内的切层裂缝作为主要连通顺层裂缝的通道,很少储油。成岩收缩缝在泥质岩层中是极有利的油气储集空间,特别是在构造裂缝不太发育的地区,由成岩收缩造成的层间缝会成为主要的储集空间。裂缝发育的受控因素有区域构造应力、构造部位及其与断裂带的距离、岩性、岩相、地层厚度、物性、埋深和地层压力。预测研究区地层埋深为2200～3400m,在距离断裂带较近地区、断层转换带、凹陷斜坡坡度突变区、地层厚度和／或砂岩厚度突变区、三角洲前缘亚相、湖底扇相砂体与湖相泥质岩交界过渡带,泥质灰岩、灰质泥岩、油页岩和油泥岩最有可能形成有效的裂缝储集空间。     

大民屯凹陷沙四下段致密油储层特征与分布预测

我国致密油储集层具有岩性复杂、类型多样、预测难度较大等特点。大民屯凹陷沙四段下段储集层岩性以泥质云岩为主,其孔隙分布在1%~10%,大部分分布在4%左右,渗透率小于1 m D,可形成以泥质云岩为储集层的致密油藏。研究区目的层属于浅湖相沉积环境,其地质特征具有典型的"三明治"结构,即油页岩与泥质云岩紧密接触且为互层。通过全区测井曲线特征分析,并在沈352取心井岩性、物性与镜下薄片等资料分析观察的基础上,研究了储集层孔隙度变化规律及控制因素,并利用地震地质统计学反演方法进行储层分布预测。研究表明泥质云岩碳酸盐岩含量高,岩石脆性好易于溶蚀,可做良好储层,其储集空间类型以微观溶蚀孔和微裂缝为主,并且在"三明治"结构下,微观溶蚀孔主要发育在泥质云岩与油页岩紧密接触层段。储层预测结果表明研究区目的层致密储层厚度平面分布较为稳定,储集层累计厚度在20~100 m之间,研究区西北部及东南部地区为全区发育较好区域,其储层预测结果与测井解释结果吻合度较高。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

<正>~~     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme