秋季珠江口地区海风对城市群空气污染的影响

 根据2004年10月珠江三角洲大气边界层和空气污染物观测资料,分析了位于城市群下风向的珠江口地区的海风对珠江三角洲城市群空气污染的影响。结果表明,秋季珠江口地区海风将抑制城市群空气污染物向下风向输送,而导致城市群空气污染物在向下风向“迁移”过程中“减速”或在城市群短期“堆积”,使城市群空气污染物浓度随海风的出现显著上升,珠江口地区出现海风日城市群空气污染物日平均和日最高浓度与非海风日相比上升了2到4倍;而珠江口地区空气污染物浓度随海风的出现而降低。     

珠江三角洲空气污染时空分布特征及一次区域性污染过程气象特征数值模拟

根据2000年到2008年广东省和香港特别行政区的空气质量观测资料,对珠江三角洲污染天气的时空分布特征及其成因进行了初步分析。并利用美国宾州大学（PSU）和美国国家大气研究中心（NCAR）研制的第5代中尺度气象预报模式MM5对2008年1月3号到1月6号珠江三角洲地区一次污染过程进行了数值模拟。研究结果表明：珠江三角洲地区空气污染天气,在空间上主要分布在珠江口附近,以佛山、东莞、广州最为明显;在时间上,主要分布在华南地区的干季;其中,以12月分布最多,而6月最少,秋冬两季达到空气污染的天数占全年空气污染天数的80％以上。模式模拟的边界层逆温层、风速和风向、地面辐射场、混合层高度等气象特征与实际观测结果也比较一致,重现了此次大气污染过程中污染物的积聚过程。     

珠江三角洲城市群一次区域性污染过程气象特征数值模拟

利用美国宾州大学和美国国家大气研究中心（PSU／NCAR）联合开发的MM5三维中尺度气象模式,对珠江三角洲城市群一次区域重污染天气过程的气象条件进行了模拟,结合地面常规气象资料、探空资料、天气图、香港科技大学元朗激光雷达资料和粤港珠江三角洲区域空气质量监控网公布的空气质量资料,对城市群污染期间的区域天气形势,局地环流等特征,温湿层结特征,混合层高度特征等要素的关系进行了分析。结果表明：变性高压脊伴随的近地面辐散场和静小风,城市间的相互输送,海陆风、城市热岛环流、山谷风等局地环流的影响,边界层逆温层,稳定层结的弱对流作用,低的混合层高度等不利于污染物的输送扩散的天气条件,是这次空气污染过程的主要原因。     

南宁市灰霾天气与空气污染物关系分析

根据2010年6月1日至2011年5月31日南宁市的环境监测数据和气象数据,分析南宁市灰霾天气特征,然后通过SPSS软件分析灰霾天气与能见度、颗粒物(PM2.5、PM10)浓度、气态污染物浓度和空气污染指数的关系,探讨南宁市灰霾天气与空气污染物的关系。结果发现,南宁市灰霾天气主要分布在秋、冬两季,PM2.5是直接造成南宁市灰霾天气的主要因子,PM10、SO2、NO2、CO和O3对灰霾天气的发生也有一定影响。PM2.5与PM10相关性最显著,与SO2、NO2相关性较显著,与CO相关性显著,与O3相关性不显著。     

合肥市灰霾大气污染特征浅析

根据《灰霾污染日判别标准(试行)》判别标准,合肥市2013年PM10、PM2.5等浓度值及天气统计数据,分析了灰霾天气下,不同PM2.5浓度区间及不同PM2.5/PM10区间的气象特征。在非灰霾天气下,剖析了降水、无降水,能见度5km及无降水,能见度5km且相对湿度95%,主要是有雾或者雾霾混合的天气下的气象特征。得出如下结论:合肥市灰霾天气主要出现在1月和12月,这个期间降水量低,轻微的降水沉降颗粒物效果不明显,风速明显低于非灰霾时期,不利于颗粒物扩散,气压呈增加趋势,增加了大气的温度性,也不利于污染物扩散,导致污染物浓度增加。PM2.5是导致灰霾天气的主要原因。     

长三角城市群冬季一次重污染天气过程分析

利用NCEP/NCAR和FNL再分析资料,并结合长三角城市群地面气象观测数据,探讨了2014年1月18—25日长三角城市群一次重污染天气过程的气象成因以及污染物路径分析。结果表明,污染期间随着相对湿度和PM2.5浓度的升高,大气能见度明显降低。2014年1月影响我国的东亚冬季风势力偏弱,导致重污染期间冷空气活动偏弱;此外,垂直方向上出现逆温,限制垂直运动的发生、发展。上述因素有利于长三角地区污染物在近地面层堆积,导致重污染天气的发生发展。污染物从温度高的地方向温度低的地方扩散。低空气温低时,不易形成对流,促使污染物在长三角地区堆积。HYSPILT模式模拟显示污染物主要来自山西、河北一带,以平流和弱辐散的方式向长三角地区输送。大气化学模式WRF-Chem可较好地模拟出PM2.5浓度的变化过程,可用作长三角城市群重污染天气预报的业务模式。     

珠三角2009年11月严重灰霾天气过程分析

 由于经济规模迅速扩大和城市化进程加快,大气气溶胶污染日趋严重,由细粒子气溶胶造成的能见度恶化事件越来越多,这些人类活动排放的污染物,可形成灰霾天气致使能见度下降。2009年11月23－29日,在珠三角地区发生了一次典型的严重灰霾天气过程,是近10年来最严重的灰霾天气过程之一。从天气分析、流场分析、遥感分析和气溶胶物理化学特征分析,探讨了这次过程的成因,结论是这次灰霾过程具有持续时间长、范围广、强度大的特点。这次严重灰霾过程持续7 d,仅次于2004年1月3－10日持续8 d的过程;范围广,笼罩整个珠三角,多个台站出现小于1 km的低能见度事件;强度大,珠三角大气成分监测网数据,都出现多项建站以来最强值,许多指标都超过缺省预设的坐标上限,超标均以倍数计。     

重庆区域性灰霾天气下大气污染分析初探

针对2010年1-10月间重庆地区区域性灰霾整体概况初步讨论,结果表明灰霾日占观测总天数的23.03%,且多集中在大气扩散条件相对较差的第一三季度.通过对灰霾与非灰霾日典型天气渐变条件下特征因子的讨论,得到颗粒物(尤其是细粒子)对大气能见度影响显著,而黑碳对细粒子贡献显著,导致灰霾发生率增大.     

无霾和有霾情况下大气混合层高度的日变化及其特征—基于河北香河站激光雷达的观测

利用Mie散射激光雷达EZLidar和自动观测站气象资料对河北香河站2006年8月~2007年11月大气混合层高度(MLH)进行了观测研究,得出了灰霾和非灰霾两种天气大气混合层的日变化特征:1 MLH的日变化同温度、风速的变化密切相关,相关系数分别为0.968、0.580,通过了0.01的置信度检验;2春季的MLH明显高于秋、冬两个季节,秋冬两季混合层的发展相似,MLH较低,大体上秋季的MLH高于冬季;3灰霾天气溶胶含量高,阻挡地面长波辐射向外发射,形成了类似的保温效应,灰霾天大气温度要高于非霾天的温度,且随着时间的增加而增加;4灰霾天属于静稳天气,热力引起的湍流非常弱,风速变化对它的影响更大。热力和机械剪切作用共同影响了灰霾天和非灰霾天MLH的日变化。     

依靠科技进步,加快我国PM_(2.5)污染治理与空气质量改善步伐

<正>随着中国经济的快速发展,城市化进程的加快,能源消耗和大气污染物排放总量不断增加,中国空气质量面临严峻挑战。目前,我国空气污染已由传统的总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)、可吸入颗粒物(PM10)和SO2污染转向以大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)和污染气体(VOCs、O3、NO x)等组成的跨区域、复合型大气污染,其中以PM2.5污染问题最为突出。2011年末以来,多次大范围灰霾天气引起了国内外广泛关注。从观测结果和能见度与气溶胶关系的研究发现,雾-霾或灰霾现象背后的根本原因是PM2.5污染及其与大气相互作用的问题。2012年2月国务院正     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.