活性炭负载Fe_2O_3催化臭氧降解丁香酚

应用制备的活性炭(AC)负载活性组分催化剂催化臭氧处理丁香酚模拟废水,通过扫描电镜、X-射线衍射仪和比表面积分析仪对制备的催化剂特性进行表征,考察了AC负载活性组分的种类和初始pH值、负载量、催化剂加入量对催化臭氧氧化降解丁香酚模拟废水过程中COD_(Cr)(重铬酸盐指数)去除效果的影响,并对降解过程中COD_(Cr)的去除反应动力学进行研究.结果表明:AC表面成功负载了活性组分Fe_2O_3、CuO/Cu_2O、CeO_2、NiO,制备的催化剂(Fe/AC、Cu/AC、Ce/AC、Ni/AC)具有明显的催化活性,显著提高了臭氧氧化降解丁香酚模拟废水过程中COD_(Cr)的去除效果,催化活性从大到小依次为Fe/ACCe/AC Cu/AC Ni/AC;制备的Fe/AC具有最高的催化活性,在pH值为11、负载量为3%、Fe/AC加入量为0.3g/L条件下,反应60 min后COD_(Cr)去除率达到88. 90%,分别比AC催化臭氧处理和单独臭氧处理提高了21. 13%和29. 95%.动力学分析表明,臭氧氧化、AC、Fe/AC、Ce/AC、Cu/AC、Ni/AC催化臭氧氧化处理丁香酚模拟废水过程中COD_(Cr)的降解符合表观二级动力学规律,活性炭负载的活性组分有效提高了反应的动力学速率.     

铁型催化剂对臭氧氧化甲基橙的催化效能

以模拟染料废水甲基橙(MO)溶液为目标物,研究了Fe2+、Fe3+均相催化臭氧氧化及负载型铁氧化物非均相催化臭氧氧化对MO的去除特性,并探讨了在非均相催化剂活性炭负载Fe2O3(Fe2O3/AC)、活性氧化铝负载Fe2O3(Fe2O3/Al2O3)催化臭氧氧化体系中pH值、催化剂投加浓度、臭氧浓度、MO初始浓度等工艺参数的作用规律.结果表明,Fe2+、Fe3+、Fe2O3/AC、Fe2O3/Al2O3的加入均能提高MO的脱色率和COD去除率,且Fe2O3/AC、Fe2O3/Al2O3的催化效果更为显著;当Fe2O3/AC、Fe2O3/Al2O3的投加浓度为1.0 g/L,臭氧浓度为15.0 mg/L,MO初始浓度为25.0 mg/L、pH值为5.0时,30 min时Fe2O3/AC、Fe2O3/Al2O3催化臭氧体系降解MO的脱色率和COD去除率分别为89.26%、48.45%和80.34%、38.41%.     

TiO_2/AC催化臭氧降解造纸废水

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备活性炭(AC)负载TiO_2的TiO_2/AC催化剂。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、N_2吸附比表面积(BET)仪、X线衍射仪(XRD)对催化剂进行表征。将制得的TiO_2/AC催化剂用于催化臭氧降解造纸废水实验,考察催化剂的催化性能、重复使用性及反应前后表面性质变化,并分析造纸废水降解产物。结果表明:TiO_2均匀负载在活性炭的表面上及孔道内,500℃煅烧的催化剂为锐钛矿与金红石的混合晶型;催化臭氧反应60 min,造纸废水色度和化学需氧量(COD)去除率分别为96.8%和60.4%,比单独臭氧降解分别提高1.8%和9.9%;造纸废水成分主要为酯类、烷烃类等,经催化臭氧化反应后,大分子物质降解产生了一些小分子。     

催化湿式氧化处理高质量浓度苯酚废水

采用自制锰铈氧化物稀土催化剂间歇式反应釜催化湿式氧化(catalytic wet air oxidation,CWAO)处理高质量浓度苯酚废水,研究催化剂粒径、反应温度、系统氧分压、配水苯酚质量浓度、催化剂投加量、配水pH值等参数对湿式氧化处理效果的影响.研究表明,催化剂粒径>200目时基本消除CWAO反应内扩散传质影响,较低温度下(100℃)CWAO可基本完全氧化处理苯酚废水,氧分压的提高仅加快了CWAO的反应进程,CWAO反应产生抑制与催化剂投加量和配水苯酚质量浓度之比相关,弱酸性条件最适于CWAO反应.催化剂失活的机理在于催化剂表面积碳.     

天然水体主要本底成分对催化臭氧氧化草酸的影响

采用浸渍法制备了Fe2O3负载活性炭（Fe2O3/AC）催化剂,考察了Fe2O3/AC催化臭氧氧化草酸的活性以及天然水体主要本底成分对Fe2O3/AC催化臭氧氧化草酸的影响. 结果表明,臭氧氧化草酸过程中Fe2O3/AC显示了良好的催化活性,草酸的去除主要基于催化贡献. HCO3-、CO32-及腐殖酸对Fe2O3/AC催化臭氧氧化草酸体系均有抑制作用. HCO3-和CO32-加入使催化臭氧氧化体系pH升高,进而降低Fe2O3/AC催化臭氧氧化草酸的活性. 此外,HCO3-和CO32-也是羟基自由基抑制剂,HCO3-、CO32-对体系的抑制作用从侧面验证Fe2O3/AC催化臭氧氧化草酸遵循羟基自由基机理. 腐殖酸加入体系后,与草酸形成竞争吸附和竞争氧化,从而抑制草酸的降解.     

金属负载活性炭催化氧化处理印染废水

用自制金属负载活性炭催化剂（Cu／AC、Fe／AC、Ni／AC、Mn／AC）对印染废水进行了空气和ClO2催化氧化实验比较，并对影响催化氧化效果的几个因素：不同活性成分、pH值、反应时间、催化剂投加量进行了分析。结果表明：在pH为5．7、反应时间为60min、载铜活性炭催化剂投加量6g／L、ClO2投加量40mg／L时，催化氧化效果最佳，CODCr去除率可达80％以上。     

印染废水CWAO法处理中均相催化剂的研制

为了制备用于催化湿式氧化法处理高浓度印染废水的催化剂,实验中以COD达2 000 mg.L-1的亚甲蓝水溶液作降解对象,用均相催化湿式氧化法进行处理,催化剂性能以COD去除率和脱色率进行评价.在对19种可溶盐进行普选的基础上,对双组分催化剂进行复配.结果表明:铜盐和铁盐的催化活性居于前列,而硫酸铜和硫酸亚铁复配的Cu1Fe1催化剂在活性和成本上显示了优越性,同等条件下对水样的COD去除率比不加催化剂时提高约50%.对Cu1Fe1的作用机理分析表明,自由基反应以及Fe(Ⅲ)聚合物的混凝同时发挥了作用.     

新生态MnO2对苯酚臭氧化反应的催化作用

以新生态MnO2作为催化剂对模拟苯酚废水进行了臭氧化处理,考察了不同条件对苯酚催化臭氧化过程的影响.结果表明,新生态MnO2对体系臭氧化过程中苯酚的降解和COD的去除有显著的促进作用,含催化剂时反应动力学受体系pH的影响程度明显减小.新生态MnO2对苯酚臭氧化反应的催化性能优于凹凸棒土.     

异丁烯齐聚反应催化剂的制备与评价

研究了Fe2(SO4)3(NiSO4)/γ-Al2O3催化剂对异丁烯齐聚反应的催化性能,考察了催化剂焙烧温度、活性组分担载量、Fe与Fe+Ni的摩尔比n(Fe):n(Fe+Ni)及催化剂成型对催化性能的影响.结果表明:n(Fe):n(Fe+Ni)为0.67时催化剂活性最佳;活性组分担载量为7%,500℃下焙烧的催化剂具有较好的异丁烯齐聚反应活性;催化剂成型(三叶型)后,其活性降低约6%,但目的产物(二聚物)的选择性提高约8%,二、三聚物的总选择性变化不大.     

CO2气氛下FeLi/AC催化剂上的乙苯脱氢反应

研究了助剂Li对活性炭负载铁氧化物(Fe/AC)催化剂在CO2气氛下的乙苯脱氢反应性能和CO2促进作用的影响.结果表明,助剂Li的最佳添加量为0.6 mmol/g,n(Li)/n(Fe)=0.2;550℃,CO2气氛下Fe(3.0)Li(0.6)/AC催化剂上的乙苯转化率、苯乙烯收率和选择性分别为65.4%、62.9%和96.2%.助剂Li的添加明显提高了Fe/AC催化剂上的乙苯脱氢活性,抑制了催化剂失活.在CO2气氛下,Fe(3.0)/AC和Fe(3.0)Li(0.6)/AC催化剂上苯乙烯收率比N2气氛下明显提高,表明CO2显著促进了乙苯脱氢反应,具有良好的耦合作用.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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