High-Q photonic nanocavity in a two-dimensional photonic crystal

Photonic cavities that strongly confine light are finding applications in many areas of physics and engineering, including coherent electron-photon interactions, ultra-small filters, low-threshold lasers, photonic chips, nonlinear optics and quantum information processing. Critical for these applications is the realization of a cavity with both high quality factor, Q, and small modal volume, V. The ratio Q/V determines the strength of the various cavity interactions, and an ultra-small cavity enables large-scale integration and single-mode operation for a broad range of wavelengths. However, a high-Q cavity of optical wavelength size is difficult to fabricate, as radiation loss increases in inverse proportion to cavity size. With the exception of a few recent theoretical studies, definitive theories and experiments for creating high-Q nanocavities have not been extensively investigated. Here we use a silicon-based two-dimensional photonic-crystal slab to fabricate a nanocavity with Q = 45,000 and V = 7.0 x 10(-14) cm3; the value of Q/V is 10-100 times larger than in previous studies. Underlying this development is the realization that light should be confined gently in order to be confined strongly. Integration with other photonic elements is straightforward, and a large free spectral range of 100 nm has been demonstrated.     

Mapping photonic entanglement into and out of a quantum memory

Developments in quantum information science rely critically on entanglement-a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics that causes parts of a composite system to show correlations stronger than can be explained classically. In particular, scalable quantum networks require the capability to create, store and distribute entanglement among distant matter nodes by means of photonic channels. Atomic ensembles can play the role of such nodes. So far, in the photon-counting regime, heralded entanglement between atomic ensembles has been successfully demonstrated through probabilistic protocols. But an inherent drawback of this approach is the compromise between the amount of entanglement and its preparation probability, leading to intrinsically low count rates for high entanglement. Here we report a protocol where entanglement between two atomic ensembles is created by coherent mapping of an entangled state of light. By splitting a single photon and performing subsequent state transfer, we separate the generation of entanglement and its storage. After a programmable delay, the stored entanglement is mapped back into photonic modes with overall efficiency of 17%. Together with improvements in single-photon sources, our protocol will allow 'on-demand' entanglement of atomic ensembles, a powerful resource for quantum information science.     

Three-dimensional control of light in a two-dimensional photonic crystal slab

Optoelectronic devices are increasingly important in communication and information technology. To achieve the necessary manipulation of light (which carries information in optoelectronic devices), considerable efforts are directed at the development of photonic crystals--periodic dielectric materials that have so-called photonic bandgaps, which prohibit the propagation of photons having energies within the bandgap region. Straightforward application of the bandgap concept is generally thought to require three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals; their two-dimensional (2D) counterparts confine light in the crystal plane, but not in the perpendicular z direction, which inevitably leads to diffraction losses. Nonetheless, 2D photonic crystals still attract interest because they are potentially more amenable to fabrication by existing techniques and diffraction losses need not seriously impair utility. Here we report the fabrication of a waveguide-coupled photonic crystal slab (essentially a free-standing 2D photonic crystal) with a strong 2D bandgap at wavelengths of about 1.5 microm, yet which is capable of fully controlling light in all three dimensions. These features confirm theoretical calculations on the possibility of achieving 3D light control using 2D bandgaps, with index guiding providing control in the third dimension, and raise the prospect of being able to realize unusual photonic-crystal devices, such as thresholdless lasers.     

光子晶体全角度反射器件的研究

在总结金属反射镜及多层介质反射镜的优缺点的基础上研究一维光子晶体全角度反射器件．分析了反射带中心波长、边缘波长及带宽对全角度反射器件性能的影响,并对如何避免Brewster角做了定量分析．按照一维光子晶体的设计思想,利用MgF2/ZnS2种材料的λ／4光学膜系来实现在特定波长范围内的全角度反射,达到了设计要求．     

光子晶体光纤研究进展

光子晶体光纤(PCF)由于具有传统光纤无法比拟的奇异特性,因而吸引了学术界和产业界的广泛关注,在短短的十几年内取得了很大的进展.本文从光子晶体的概念、光子晶体光纤的分类和导光机制开始讨论,分别阐述了全内反射型和光子带隙型光子晶体光纤的特性及应用,并且介绍了国内外的一些研究新进展.     

一种新型二维像素型光子晶体的能带结构

运用快速平面波展开法计算了一种新型二维正方结构像素型光子晶体的能带结构,通过参数优化,在低频区,该光子晶体具有最大绝对禁带宽度Δω为0 0522ωe,(ωe=2πc/a,a为晶格常数,c为光速),中心频率ωmid为0 7184ωe,Δω/ωmid=7 266%.     

近红外光区一维光子晶体高反射镜的设计

研究设计了适用于近红外光区(1 000～2 000nm)且具有异质结构的一维光子晶体宽禁带高反射镜.选取TiO2和SiO2两种常见材料构造一维光子晶体的异质结构,采用传输矩阵的方法计算光子晶体的反射率;并通过数值模拟分析横磁波(TM)和横电波(TE)从空气介质中入射时光子晶体的反射谱.结果表明:设计的具有异质结构的一维光子晶体对TM波在0°～20°和TE波在0°～25°均有较高的反射率(大于0.999 98).设计的宽禁带高反射镜是为了适应可调红外气体激光器和半导体红外可调器谐振腔激光技术发展的需要,也可代替带宽窄、反射率低的传统反射镜应用于各种近红外光谱仪.     

Y-shaped beam splitter by graded structure design in a photonic crystal

We propose a method to bend a self-collimated beam in a photonic crystal. The beam bending relies on the gradual variation of the constitutive parameters of the photonic crystal. A new Y-shaped beam splitter is designed with a composite structure constructed using two graded photonic crystals. We demonstrate that the incident beam is divided into two output beams by the designed splitter. The power ratio of the two beams can be adjusted easily by changing the location of the input beam.     

Quantum coherence and entanglement with ultracold atoms in optical lattices

At nanokelvin temperatures, ultracold quantum gases can be stored in optical lattices, which are arrays of microscopic trapping potentials formed by laser light. Such large arrays of atoms provide opportunities for investigating quantum coherence and generating large-scale entanglement, ultimately leading to quantum information processing in these artificial crystal structures. These arrays can also function as versatile model systems for the study of strongly interacting many-body systems on a lattice.     

纳米掺杂空芯光子晶体光纤传感器的特性分析

基于现有Comsol Muhiphysics软件,分析了圆形掺杂空芯光子晶体光纤的损耗特性随小孔孔径变化以及所掺物质改变时变化曲线,结果表明,圆形掺杂空芯光子晶体光纤入射波长在900nm至1000nm及1300nm与1480nm范围内具有较好的损耗特性,为进一步探讨掺杂空芯光子晶体光纤的传输特性提供了理论依据和参考.     

色散补偿光子晶体光纤的设计

由于光纤的色散严重限制了高速信号的传输,在长距离数据传输系统中必须得到补偿.本文利用矢量有效折射率方法对光子晶体光纤的色散补偿特性进行了数值模拟.通过模拟,发现了光子晶体光纤包层结构参量与其色散之间的关系,并且通过对包层空气孔节距∧、包层空气孔直径碱包层的空气填充率,等参数的优化,得到了低至-978.34 ps/(km·nm)的色散值,其补偿能力远大于常规色散补偿光纤.     

Vacuum Rabi splitting with a single quantum dot in a photonic crystal nanocavity

Cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) systems allow the study of a variety of fundamental quantum-optics phenomena, such as entanglement, quantum decoherence and the quantum-classical boundary. Such systems also provide test beds for quantum information science. Nearly all strongly coupled cavity QED experiments have used a single atom in a high-quality-factor (high-Q) cavity. Here we report the experimental realization of a strongly coupled system in the solid state: a single quantum dot embedded in the spacer of a nanocavity, showing vacuum-field Rabi splitting exceeding the decoherence linewidths of both the nanocavity and the quantum dot. This requires a small-volume cavity and an atomic-like two-level system. The photonic crystal slab nanocavity--which traps photons when a defect is introduced inside the two-dimensional photonic bandgap by leaving out one or more holes--has both high Q and small modal volume V, as required for strong light-matter interactions. The quantum dot has two discrete energy levels with a transition dipole moment much larger than that of an atom, and it is fixed in the nanocavity during growth.     

量子纠缠与超光速量子通信

量子通信是经典通信和量子力学相结合的一门新兴交叉学科.在介绍量子纠缠特性的基础上,对量子隐形传态进行了探讨,提出了超光速量子通信的途径.     

光子晶体光纤中的非线性效应的研究进展

首先介绍了光子晶体光纤中的非线性现象以及其形成原因,分析了非线性系数与光子晶体光纤结构参数之间的关系,随后主要论述了在光子晶体光纤中获得较高非线性系数的方法,最后对现有的测量光子晶体光纤非线性系数的方法进行了概括与比较.     

光子晶体光纤中反斯托克斯效应的实验研究

在对自行设计的光纤进行实验研究的过程中,通过逐渐增加泵浦脉冲的中心波长λD发现随着λD逐渐接近零色散波长λD,在一系列非线性效应的作用下泵谱脉冲的频谱逐渐展宽,同时其转化效率也逐渐增加,在短波段的反斯托克斯波的强度也逐渐增加.尤其当λD等于λD时,反斯托克斯波达到最强,说明此时相位匹配的很好,致使四波混频效应最为显著.而当λD逐渐远离λD时,在频谱宽度逐渐减小的同时,泵谱转化效率也逐渐降低.当λD为860 nm时,反斯托克斯波几乎消失,这允分说明泵谱中心波长λD在频率转换过程中的显著影响.     

Design of an air-slot mode-gap nanocavity in a two dimensional photonic crystal slab

We present a novel and simple design of an air-slot mode-gap photonic crystal(PC) nanocavity by introducing a linear air slot to the center of a line-defect waveguide in a two dimensional triangular-lattice silicon PC slab.A high quality factor(Q factor) of 8.42*105 and an ultrasmall mode volume of 0.998 cubic wavelength are achieved in an optimized air-slot nanocavity which is a suitable choice for the strong matter-field interaction in free space.The high Q cavities with ultrasmall mode volume are important for applications such as quantum computation and nonlinear optics.