酶催化合成丁酸丁酯

以酶为催化剂，正丁醇与王丁酸一步反应可合成丁酸丁酯，本实验考察了不同类型的酶催化剂和普通催化剂、酶催化剂用量、醇酸摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间等因素对合成酯收率的影响．优化的反应条件：醇酸摩尔比为1．3：1．0，酶催化剂用量比为4．0％，反应时间为30min，反应温度为25—35℃，酯产率可达94．1％．     

相转移催化合成蔗糖酯：（Ⅲ）蔗糖棕榈酸酯的合成

在合成蔗糖棕榈酸酯中采用相转移催化的基本原理和方法．考察了反应时间、反应温度、原料的不同配比和催化剂用量对蔗糖棕榈酸酯重量产率的影响．得出反应时间为３ｈ，反应温度为８５～９０℃，原料棕榈酸甲酯和蔗糖的摩尔配比为１．０：２．５，催化剂用量为棕榈酸甲酯摩尔数的０．０８～０．１０时，其蔗糖棕榈酸酯产率是８８．３０％．产物经纯化后测定，所含蔗糖棕榈酸单酯与棕榈酸甲酯分子比为０．７７４０：１．００００。     

丙烯酸十六酯的微波辅助合成

以丙烯酸和十六醇为原料，对甲苯磺酸为催化剂，采用微波辅助合成技术直接熔融制备了丙烯酸十六酯．探讨了微波功率、辐射时间、丙烯酸与十六醇摩尔比及催化剂用量等因素对酯化产率的影响；结果表明，最佳合成条件为微波功率260W、辐射时间15min、酸与醇的摩尔比为1．3：1．0、对甲苯磺酸用量0．7％，在此条件下制备丙烯酸十六酯的产率可达97．5％，反应速率提高16倍，充分显示了微波合成技术高效率、低能耗的优点，并为合成丙烯酸十六酯开辟了新途径．     

相转移催化合成蔗糖酯（Ⅳ）蔗糖月桂酸酯的合成

研究了合成蔗糖月桂酸酯中采用相转移催化的基本原理和方法，考察反应时间，原料的不同配比和催化剂用量对蔗糖月桂酸酯产率的影响，得出反应时间为４．５ｈ，原料配比为１∶１（摩尔数），催化剂用量为月桂酸甲酯摩尔数的８％时，其蔗糖月桂酸酯产率８６．５％～９１．２％，产物经纯化后测定，蔗糖单月桂酸酯按每克产品含蔗糖月桂酸单酯的摩尔数与理论计算的摩尔数之比为０．９７２５∶１．００００．     

固体非酸催化合成硬脂酸乙二醇酯

在固体非酸催化剂作用下,使硬脂酸和乙二醇反应制取硬脂酸乙二醇酯。考察了反应原料配比、催化剂用量、反应时间等因素对酯化的影响。在酸酶摩尔比为1：1．1,催化剂用量为1％的条件下,硬脂酸乙二醇酯的产率较高。     

对甲苯磺酸催化合成丙酸丁酯

以丙酸和正丁醇为原料,采用对甲苯磺酸为催化剂合成了丙酸丁酯.当反应时间为1.5 h,酸醇摩尔比为1∶1.3,催化剂用量1.0 g,酯的产率可达87%.     

甲基丙烯酸十四酯的合成及表征

研究了甲基丙烯酸和十四醇直接酯化合成甲基丙烯酸十四酯的条件，主要探讨了甲基丙烯酸与十四醇摩尔比，催化剂和阻聚剂的用量及反应时间对酯化反应的影响，得出了合成的最佳条件：甲基丙烯酸与十四醇的摩尔比为1．1：1，对甲苯磺酸的质量分数为1．4％，对苯二酚的质量分数为0．9％，反应温度为110-120℃，反应时间为5h，酯化产率可达到99％．酯化产物经薄层色谱分析及红外光谱，核磁共振谱等进行了表征．     

丙烯酸十八酯的合成

以丙烯酸和十八醇为原料,由酯化反应合成丙烯酸十八酯。研究了丙烯酸与十八醇的摩尔比、催化剂和阻聚剂的用量、反应温度及反应时间对反应的影响。由实验得出最佳合成条件是：丙烯酸与十八醇的摩尔比为1．2对甲苯磺酸、对苯二酚的用量（质量分数）分别为1．0％和0．8％,反应温度为120℃,反应时间为8h。在此反应条件下,酯化产率可达98％。其酯化产物的熔点、元素分析、红外光谱及核磁共振分析证明所得产物为丙烯酸十八酯。     

硅胶载体酸催化合成没食子酸正丙酯

采用硅胶载体酸为催化剂，合成了没食子酸正丙酯，给出了最佳的酯化条件：催化剂用量12％（与没食子酸质量比），酸醇摩尔比1：6，反应时间4.5h，反应温度105－110℃，醇产率可达87％。     

氨基磺酸催化合成苯甲酸乙酯

研究了以氨基磺酸为催化剂，苯甲酸和乙醇为原料合成苯甲酸乙酯，并考察了影响反应的因素。结果表明，醇酸摩尔比为8：1，催化剂用量为3．0g（苯甲酸以50mmol计），反应时间为8．0h是最适宜的反应条件，酯产率达87．4％。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.